How the IPM are applied in Egyptian cotton?

Answer 1

t has been successfully applied to cruciferous crops for many years (Sears et al. 1983, Ferro 1993). The practicality of Bt for controlling cotton caterpillars—such as the Egyptian cotton leafworm, S. littoralis Boisduval and Helicoverpa spp.—has also been demonstrated (Broza et al. 1984, Daly and McKenzie 1986). With the advent of transgenic crops, these IPM systems are no longer useful. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, which has evolved resistance to all chemical classes and also to Bt, can be managed with IPM (Metcalf 1989). In Taiwan, two larval parasitoids, pheromone traps, and Bt reduced pest population densities on cauliflower and broccoli to less levels than in neighboring, conventionally sprayed plots (Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center 1991).