Because of its convenience, fast food is popular and commercially successful in most modern societies, but it is often criticized for having the following shortcomings, among others:
* Many popular fast-food menu items are unhealthy, and excessive consumption can lead to obesity.
* Exploitative advertising and marketing are used, especially directed at children (which can have an adverse effect on their eating habits and health).
* It causes environmental damage through excessive packaging and clearing forests for animal rearing.
* It reduces the diversity of local cuisines.
* It survives on a low-wage, low-benefit employment model, promoting exploitative labor practices throughout the food and food service industry
* Its franchising scheme (royalties).
* Its often lower quality versus sit-down restaurants.
The fast-food industry is a popular target for critics, from would-be populists like José Bové (whose destruction of a McDonald's in France made him a folk hero to some) to vegetarian activist groups such as PETA.
In his best-selling 2001 book Fast Food Nation, investigative journalist Eric Schlosser leveled a broad, socio-economic critique against the fast food industry, documenting how fast food rose from small, family-run businesses (like the McDonald brothers' burger joint) into large, multinational corporate juggernauts whose economies of scale radically transformed agriculture, meat processing and labor markets in the late twentieth century. While the innovations of the fast food industry gave Americans more and cheaper dining options, it has come at the price of destroying the environment, economy and small-town communities of rural America while shielding consumers from the real costs of their convenient meal, both in terms of health and the broader impact of large-scale food production and processing on workers, animals and land.
Schlosser's critics[10] respond that fast food companies merely provide something consumers want and that the economies of scale developed by the industry have had a net positive effect on the American and global economy. Defenders of fast food companies point out that they provide entry-level jobs to people with few skills who might otherwise be unemployed and that individual consumers should be responsible for their eating choices, not business.
Junk food, fast food are a common term used for any food item that is perceived to be unhealthy or to have poor nutritional value. The phrase was coined by Michael Jacobson, director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, in 1972. Examples of junk food may include, but are not limited to: hamburgers, pizza, candy, soda and salty foods like potato chips and french fries. Chewing gum is not junk food.
A diet rich in junk food is not conducive to maintaining a balanced diet, as suggested by various government and non-profit health organizations. The term has been used by many different groups over the years including opponents of fast food industries and environmentalists.
Junk food nevertheless remains popular because it is relatively cheap to manufacture, easy to purchase, is convenient to consume, and has a lot of flavor because of its typically high fat, sodium, or sugar content. Its nutritional value is typically very high in empty calories. Junk food also may contain numerous food additives, which are used to enhance flavor, adjust texture, alter color, and prevent spoilage. For this reason many junk foods are also convenient in that they have very long shelf lives and often do not require any kind of refrigeration.
Hostess Twinkies, the almost iconic junk food
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Hostess Twinkies, the almost iconic junk food
Since junk food is high in fats and sugars, it is a leading cause of obesity, dental cavities, increasing cases of Type 2 diabetes, heart diseases, etc. They are very low on proteins, vitamins, and fibre. Once children start consuming junk foods, their intake of high-protein-vitamins-roughage diet substantially decreases and intake of milk and healthy fruit juices is replaced by soft drinks. This can cause a deficiency of calcium, milk being a rich source of calcium, resulting in weakening of bones.
Some types of chips that are said to be "junk food" may actually be partially beneficial because they may contain polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. However, since they are fats, the intake of these should be kept to a minimum. It should also be understood that the detrimental effects of the empty calories may outweigh the benefits of the unsaturated fats. These foods tend to be high in sodium, which may contribute in causing hypertension (high blood pressure) in some people.
2006-07-31 01:58:12
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answer #1
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answered by pavani 2
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