what pathologic changes result from diabetes mellitus?

Answer 1

Diabetes mellitus can cause all sorts of problems if it is not strictly controlled. These range from heart disease and atherosclerosis to blindness, peripheral vascular disease (which can lead to amputation), and peripheral neuropathy. Uncontrolled diabetes also leads to much higher susceptibility to infection (like yeast infections, fungal infections, abscesses, etc.) because microorganisms take readily to the high sugar content of bodily fluids. Exposure to high glucose levels over time will cause all sorts of cardiovascular disease because it affects the microvasculature (the small blood vessels that feed directly into or out of organs), as well as neuropathy (particularly in the hands and feet, but also in other places). Heart disease is the most common cause of death in diabetics, and kidney failure is also common, because the underlying metabolic abnormalities cause the kidneys to excrete unusually high amounts of not only glucose but also albumin, and this puts excessive demands on function of the kidney.

Answer 2

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Answer 3

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Answer 4

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Answer 5

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Answer 6

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Answer 7

1.pancreas:
1.type 1 DM=decrease in insulin secretion in young age:
atrophy\infiltration of pancreas by inflammatory cells\decrease number of B cells of blood defense.
2.type2 DM=insulin resistance by antibodies in old age:
normal then hyalinosis and atrophy.
3.Newborn of diabetic mother shows hyperplasia of islet cells.

2.cardio-vascular system:
thickening of basement membrane of blood vessels leading to ischemia and aneurysm.

3.metabolic disturbances:
1.increased blood glucose with glucose in urine and frequent micturation.
2.glycogen deposition in heart,kidneys and pancreas.
3.glucose synthesis from fat and protein
4.lipolysis causing increased blood lipid and keto-acidosis
5.loss of protein and body weight

4.repeated infection

5.kidney leisons:
1.inflammation maybe accompanied with obstruction and pus
2.glomerulosclerosis
3.hypertension due to athersclerosis

6.sensory,motor and autonomic disturbances due to peripheral mono-neuropathy

7.retinopathy

8.diabetic leg:
1.chronic ischaemia with intermittent claudication
2.gangrene
3.trophic ulcers

9.late in pregnancy:
convulsions \ edema\ elevated blood pressure

10.diabetic coma:may be fatal

Answer 8

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Answer 9

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