information about 5 mathematicians?

Answer 1

Any 5?

Euclid
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid

Pascal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Pascal

Newton
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton

Chomsky
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_Chomsky

Poisson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson

Answer 2

See the sites below for details.

Hypatia - First woman mathematician

Pythagoras - founder of the Pythagorean Theorem

Charles Babbage - mathematician who orginated the first programmable computer

Carl Friedrich Gauss - known as the "prince of mathematicians"

Florence Nightingale - opened door for women in statistics

***I teach math and these people are facinating.***

Answer 3

John Couch Adams [1819-1892]
Adams was born in Cornwall and educated at Cambridge University. He was later appointed Lowndean Professor and Director of the Observatory at Cambridge. In 1845, he calculated the position of a planet beyond Uranus that could account for perturbations in the orbit of Uranus. His requests for help in looking for the planet, Neptune; met with little response among English astronomers. An independent set of calculations was completed in 1846 by Leverrier, whose suggestions to the German astronomer Johann Galle led to Neptune's discovery.

Adams published a memoir on the mean motion of the Moon in 1855 and computed the orbit of the Leonids in 1867. The Leonids are meteor showers that appear to originate in the constellation Leo. They were especially prominent every 33 years from 902 to 1866.

Pafnuti Lvovich Chebyshev [1821-1894]
Chebyshev was born in Okatovo, Kaluga region in Russia. He was one of the most famous Russian mathematicians and he made numerous important contributions to the theory of numbers, algebra, theory of probability, analysis, and applied mathematics. He completed his secondary education at home and enrolled in the department of physics and mathematics at Moscow University in 1837. He graduated with a degree in mathematics in 1841. In 1841, he won a silver medal for deriving an error estimate in the Newton-Raphson iterative method. He received his doctorate in mathematics from Petersburg University in 1849. In 1850, Chebyshev was elected extraordinary professor of mathematics at Petersburg University where he became a full professor in 1860.
Chebyshev was very curious about mechanical inventions during childhood and it was stated that during his very first lesson in geometry he saw its applicatins to mechanics. His technological inventions include a calculating machine built in the late 1870s. When his father became very poor during the famine of 1840, Chebyshev helped support his family. He became interested in the theory of numbers and stated the Chebyshev problem relating probability to the theory of numbers. He died in St. Petersburg, Russia on December 8, 1894.
Leonhard Euler [1707-1783]
Euler was born in Switzerland, studied under Johann Bernoulli at Basel, and completed his Master's degree at age 16. He formed a lifelong friendship with Bernoulli's sons Daniel and Nicholas. When they went to Russia at the invitation of Catherine I, Empress of Russia, they obtained a place for Euler at the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. Euler eventually became Professor of Mathematics in 1733 when the chair was vacated by Daniel Bernoulli.
In 1741, Euler joined the Berlin Academy of Sciences at the strong request of Frederick the Great. He returned to St. Petersburg 25 years later (and was succeeded at Berlin by Lagrange). Euler was responsible for establishing Newtonian thought in Russia and Prussia.
Euler was blind in one eye by the time he was in his late 20s; within a few years of returning to Russia from Berlin, he was almost totally blind. Despite this and other misfortunes (including a fire that destroyed many of his papers), Euler was one of the most competent and prolific mathematicians of any time.
Among Euler's contributions to mathematics were extensive revisions of almost all of the branches of mathematics. He gave a full analytic treatment of algebra, the theory of equations, trigonometry, and analytical geometry. He treated series expansions of functions and stated the rule that only convergent infinite series could be used safely. He dealt with three-dimensional surfaces, calculus and calculus of variations, number theory, and imaginary numbers among other subjects. He introduced the current notations for the trigonometric functions (at about the same time as Simpson) and showed the relation between the trigonometric and exponential functions in the equation that bears his name - (exp(iq) = cosq + i sinq). Another Euler equation (n + f - e = 2) relates the number of vertices n, the number of faces f, and the number of edges of a polyhedron. The Beta and Gamma functions were invented by Euler.
Outside of pure mathematics, Euler made significant contributions to astronomy, mechanics, optics, and acoustics. Yet another Euler equation is the inviscid equation of motion in fluid dynamics. Even current forms of Bernoulli's hydrostatic equation, Lagrange's description of fluids, and Lagrange's calculus of variations have been given an Eulerian flavor. In astronomy, Euler tackled the three-body problem of celestial mechanics. Euler's results enabled Johann Mayer to construct lunar tables, which earned his widow £5000 from the English Parliament; £300 was also sent to Euler as an honorarium.
In short, almost every traditional subject in physics and mathematics that the modern engineering student is likely to encounter has Euler's imprint. This extends even to the symbol p, the exponential symbol e, the functional notation f(x), the imaginary number i, and the summation symbol S.
To close the introduction to Euler, the particularly extraordinary Euler magic square (Ref. 21) is shown in Fig. A-2. In magic squares, the integers from 1 to n2 fill the (n x n) cells of a matrix in such a way that all row sums, column sums, and diagonal-sums are identical. Most people are familiar with the (3 x 3) square. Euler's square is an (8 x 8) matrix in which the row sums and column sums (but not the diagonal sums) are identical. The interesting features are that the sum for half a row or column is half of the full sum, and that the numbers represent consecutive moves that a knight makes on a chessboard to hit every square once.
François Viete (Franciscus Vieta) [1540-1603]
Viete was born in Fontenay, was trained as a lawyer, and spent most of his life in public service. He was, however, a reputable mathematician and devoted much of his leisure time to mathematics. His main interests lay in algebra and geometry. He knew how to write multiple angle formulas for sines and was adept at manipulating algebraic forms.

His major work was on the application of algebraic techniques to problems in geometry. His skill in algebra was probably helped by his insistence on using notations that clearly indicated a power, instead of the custom of assigning a different letter for each power. Much of his later work was on roots of equations by factoring, and he devised a closed-form method for computing the roots of cubic equations.
Philipp Ludwig von Seidel [1821 – 1896]
Philipp Ludwig von Seidel was a German astronomer and mathematician. He was born in Zweibrucken. Since his father, Justus Christian Felix Seidel, was a post office official, young Philipp Seidel had to spend his childhood at several places. After graduating from school, he took private lessons in mathematics from L. C. Schnurlein, who studied under Gauss. Seidel entered Berlin University in 1840 and attended the lectures of Dirichlet and Encke. He moved to Konigsberg in 1842 and studied with Bessel and Jacobi. In 1843, he moved to Munich and obtained his doctorate for the dissertation, Uber die beste Form der Spiegel in Teleskopen, in 1846. Seidel's major investigations were in the fields of dioptrics and mathematical analysis with some contributions to the method of least squares, probability theory and photometry. The method he proposed for the solution of linear algebraic equations has become known as Gauss-Seidel iteration method. The photometric measurements of fixed stars and planets he made were the first ones to be made and his investigations led to the production of improved telescopes. He applied probability theory to astronomy and studied the relation between the frequency of certain diseases and climate conditions at Munich. He was made a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in 1851 and a full professor at Bavaria in 1855. Seidel retired early due to eye problems and died in Munich in 1896. He remained a bachelor, had to retire early due to eye problems, and was cared for until 1889 by his unmarried sister, Lucie, and later by the widow of the clergyman, Langhans.