What is an example of an authors special syntax or style?

Answer 1

The classic would be Don Marquis, with his Archie and Mehetabel stories. These classic tales are about a mouse and a cockroach, and as they couldn't reach the shift key on the typewriter, everything was written in lower case.
Another would be Mickey Spillane and his Sam Steel. Sam spoke in sharp, bullet-like sentences. It became a much-copied technique, but Spillane was the first to use it with such dramatic effect.
Ernest Hemingway also had a distinctive style, which stripped away the flowery language and used hard hitting metaphors.
Truman Capote, in his classic 'In Cold Blood' develops yet another style in relentlessly pushing forward through a story whose outcome is already known - but Capote makes it work, just by the matter-of-factness of his approach. He doesn't have to write a cliff hanger, just follow the footsteps of a pair of convicted killers.
Damon Runyon's stories could have been written by no one else.
Almost every writer has something special about his or her style or syntax, and the best way to discover it is to read several books by one author. You will begin to find similarities between the books, even though the subject matter may be different.
Hope this is helpful.

Answer 2

Others you may note are:
Steinbeck--long, flowing, complex sentences that are almost Biblical in style.
Tom Robbins--Steinbeck, on acid.
Samuel Beckett (playwright)--deliberately wrote in French, a language which he didn't know very well, to make his language very plain and "non-artistic."

Answer 3

Take your pick.

James Joyce - Ulysses or
Faukner - The Sound and the Fury