Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph.D., an abbreviation for the Latin "Philosophiæ Doctor" or alternatively "Doctor philosophiæ", D.Phil. (originally from the Greek Διδάκτωρ Φιλοσοφίας, meaning "Teacher of Philosophy"), is a doctoral degree granted at the completion of extensive academic work in a particular field of study. Although originally granted exclusively for work in philosophy, today Ph.D.s are awarded in nearly all fields of the sciences and humanities. In most countries Ph.D. students go through two distinct phases. In the first phase students typically complete required courses and write some form of comprehensive examination. The successful completion of the examination marks the beginning of the second phase and entitles the student to refer to him or herself as a Ph.D. candidate. The major task of the candidacy stage is the writing and defence of a major original contribution to his or her academic discipline. This contribution usually amounts to a written dissertation ranging in length, depending on discipline, from 50 to 800 pages. Dissertations typically consist of a comprehensive literature review, an outline of a methodology, and also include several chapters of scientific, social, historical, philosophical, or literary analysis.
In some fields, such as some specific branches of physics, a doctoral degree is practically essential for employment. In some fields, newly-graduated doctoral students are unlikely to find work as tenure-track professors and are compelled to undertake one or more postdoctorate positions.
2006-07-28 00:31:40
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answer #1
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answered by jennifersuem 7
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My grandfather have been given a Doctorate in Geology and a pair of honorary Doctorates. He defined as subsequently. His Doctorate became in accordance together with his lifes artwork-hereto the rcognition of the 80 or so scientific papers that he has had printed. A PhD is in accordance with a single thesis. subsequently, customarily, a real doctorate is in all probability a greater helpful degree because it recognises genuine mastery of a finished profession.
2016-12-10 17:08:43
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answer #2
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answered by miracle 4
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