History Of Secret Experimentation On United States Citizens. Are you proud to be an American?

Question

1931

Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Investigations, infects human subjects with cancer cells. He later goes on to establish the U.S. Army Biological Warfare facilities in Maryland, Utah, and Panama, and is named to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. While there, he begins a series of radiation exposure experiments on American soldiers and civilian hospital patients.

1932

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study begins. 200 black men diagnosed with syphilis are never told of their illness, are denied treatment, and instead are used as human guinea pigs in order to follow the progression and symptoms of the disease. They all subsequently die from syphilis, their families never told that they could have been treated.

1935

The Pellagra Incident. After millions of individuals die from Pellagra over a span of two decades, the U.S. Public Health Service finally acts to stem the disease. The director of the agency admits it had known for at least 20 years that Pellagra is caused by a niacin deficiency but failed to act since most of the deaths occured within poverty-striken black populations.

1940

Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected with Malaria in order to study the effects of new and experimental drugs to combat the disease. Nazi doctors later on trial at Nuremberg cite this American study to defend their own actions during the Holocaust.

1942

Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments on approximately 4,000 servicemen. The experiments continue until 1945 and made use of Seventh Day Adventists who chose to become human guinea pigs rather than serve on active duty.

1943

In response to Japan's full-scale germ warfare program, the U.S. begins research on biological weapons at Fort Detrick, MD.

1944

U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks and clothing. Individuals were locked in a gas chamber and exposed to mustard gas and lewisite.

1945

Project Paperclip is initiated. The U.S. State Department, Army intelligence, and the CIA recruit Nazi scientists and offer them immunity and secret identities in exchange for work on top secret government projects in the United States.

1945

"Program F" is implemented by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). This is the most extensive U.S. study of the health effects of fluoride, which was the key chemical component in atomic bomb production. One of the most toxic chemicals known to man, fluoride, it is found, causes marked adverse effects to the central nervous system but much of the information is squelched in the name of national security because of fear that lawsuits would undermine full-scale production of atomic bombs.

1946

Patients in VA hospitals are used as guinea pigs for medical experiments. In order to allay suspicions, the order is given to change the word "experiments" to "investigations" or "observations" whenever reporting a medical study performed in one of the nation's veteran's hospitals.

1947

Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic Energy Comission issues a secret document (Document 07075001, January 8, 1947) stating that the agency will begin administering intravenous doses of radioactive substances to human subjects.

1947

The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential weapon for use by American intelligence. Human subjects (both civilian and military) are used with and without their knowledge.

1950

Department of Defense begins plans to detonate nuclear weapons in desert areas and monitor downwind residents for medical problems and mortality rates.

1950

In an experiment to determine how susceptible an American city would be to biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of bacteria from ships over San Franciso. Monitoring devices are situated throughout the city in order to test the extent of infection. Many residents become ill with pneumonia-like symptoms.

1951

Department of Defense begins open air tests using disease-producing bacteria and viruses. Tests last through 1969 and there is concern that people in the surrounding areas have been exposed.

1953

U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide gas over Winnipeg, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy River Valley in Maryland, and Leesburg, Virginia. Their intent is to determine how efficiently they could disperse chemical agents.

1953

Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted in which tens of thousands of people in New York and San Francisco are exposed to the airborne germs Serratia marcescens and Bacillus glogigii.

1953

CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an eleven year research program designed to produce and test drugs and biological agents that would be used for mind control and behavior modification. Six of the subprojects involved testing the agents on unwitting human beings.

1955

The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability to infect human populations with biological agents, releases a bacteria withdrawn from the Army's biological warfare arsenal over Tampa Bay, Fl.

1955

Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research, studying its potential use as a chemical incapacitating agent. More than 1,000 Americans participate in the tests, which continue until 1958.

1956

U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow Fever over Savannah, Ga and Avon Park, Fl. Following each test, Army agents posing as public health officials test victims for effects.

1958

LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's Chemical Warfare Laboratories for its effect on intelligence.

1960

The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for Intelligence (ACSI) authorizes field testing of LSD in Europe and the Far East. Testing of the european population is code named Project THIRD CHANCE; testing of the Asian population is code named Project DERBY HAT.

1965

CIA and Department of Defense begin Project MKSEARCH, a program to develop a capability to manipulate human behavior through the use of mind-altering drugs.

1965

Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia are subjected to dioxin, the highly toxic chemical component of Agent Orange used in Viet Nam. The men are later studied for development of cancer, which indicates that Agent Orange had been a suspected carcinogen all along.

1966

CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to test the toxicological effects of certain drugs on humans and animals.

1966

U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant niger throughout the New York City subway system. More than a million civilians are exposed when army scientists drop lightbulbs filled with the bacteria onto ventilation grates.

1967

CIA and Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI, successor to MKULTRA and designed to maintain, stockpile and test biological and chemical weapons.

1968

CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning drinking water by injecting chemicals into the water supply of the FDA in Washington, D.C.

1969

Dr. Robert MacMahan of the Department of Defense requests from congress $10 million to develop, within 5 to 10 years, a synthetic biological agent to which no natural immunity exists.

1970

Funding for the synthetic biological agent is obtained under H.R. 15090. The project, under the supervision of the CIA, is carried out by the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, the army's top secret biological weapons facility. Speculation is raised that molecular biology techniques are used to produce AIDS-like retroviruses.

1970

United States intensifies its development of "ethnic weapons" (Military Review, Nov., 1970), designed to selectively target and eliminate specific ethnic groups who are susceptible due to genetic differences and variations in DNA.

1975

The virus section of Fort Detrick's Center for Biological Warfare Research is renamed the Fredrick Cancer Research Facilities and placed under the supervision of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) . It is here that a special virus cancer program is initiated by the U.S. Navy, purportedly to develop cancer-causing viruses. It is also here that retrovirologists isolate a virus to which no immunity exists. It is later named HTLV (Human T-cell Leukemia Virus).

1977

Senate hearings on Health and Scientific Research confirm that 239 populated areas had been contaminated with biological agents between 1949 and 1969. Some of the areas included San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Key West, Panama City, Minneapolis, and St. Louis.

1978

Experimental Hepatitis B vaccine trials, conducted by the CDC, begin in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Ads for research subjects specifically ask for promiscuous homosexual men.

1981

First cases of AIDS are confirmed in homosexual men in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco, triggering speculation that AIDS may have been introduced via the Hepatitis B vaccine.

1985

According to the journal Science (227:173-177), HTLV and VISNA, a fatal sheep virus, are very similar, indicating a close taxonomic and evolutionary relationship.

1986

According to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (83:4007-4011), HIV and VISNA are highly similar and share all structural elements, except for a small segment which is nearly identical to HTLV. This leads to speculation that HTLV and VISNA may have been linked to produce a new retrovirus to which no natural immunity exists.

1986

A report to Congress reveals that the U.S. Government's current generation of biological agents includes: modified viruses, naturally occurring toxins, and agents that are altered through genetic engineering to change immunological character and prevent treatment by all existing vaccines.

1987

Department of Defense admits that, despite a treaty banning research and development of biological agents, it continues to operate research facilities at 127 facilities and universities around the nation.

1990

More than 1500 six-month old black and hispanic babies in Los Angeles are given an "experimental" measles vaccine that had never been licensed for use in the United States. CDC later admits that parents were never informed that the vaccine being injected to their children was experimental.

1994

With a technique called "gene tracking," Dr. Garth Nicolson at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX discovers that many returning Desert Storm veterans are infected with an altered strain of Mycoplasma incognitus, a microbe commonly used in the production of biological weapons. Incorporated into its molecular structure is 40 percent of the HIV protein coat, indicating that it had been man-made.

1994

Senator John D. Rockefeller issues a report revealing that for at least 50 years the Department of Defense has used hundreds of thousands of military personnel in human experiments and for intentional exposure to dangerous substances. Materials included mustard and nerve gas, ionizing radiation, psychochemicals, hallucinogens, and drugs used during the Gulf War.

1995

U.S. Government admits that it had offered Japanese war criminals and scientists who had performed human medical experiments salaries and immunity from prosecution in exchange for data on BWR.

1995

Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the biological agents used during the Gulf War had been manufactured in Houston, TX and Boca Raton, Fl and tested on prisoners in the Texas Department of Corrections.

1996

Department of Defense admits that Desert Storm soldiers were exposed to chemical agents.

1997

Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter demanding an investigation into bioweapons use & Gulf War Syndrome.

http://www.prop1.org/2000/du/reports/941208rr.htm

Answer 1

You did leave out HARP and the ELF studies. see text "Beyond a Pale Horse."
Proud to be an American, not always proud of our government's activities.

Answer 2

You forgot the CIA's experiements with LSD in the 60's, igiving ot to soldiers in order to try creating "super soldiers" who could not feel pain or remorse. Or that HIV can not be traced any farther back than 1959, the first form of which was found in a Biological Laboratory under contract from the Dept. of Defence.

Answer 3

You're right, we've had a history of science in the interest of the scientists. And that's bad. But I'm not sure what your point is.

I wonder? Is it? What will future generations think about embryonic stem cell research? How about more than 30,000,000 abortions? Will they be added to your list by 2050?

Somebody above mentioned 1959 and the DoD as the source of aids. Not according to Wikipedia

*** Two species of HIV infect humans: HIV-1 and HIV-2.

HIV-1 is hypothesized to have originated in southern Cameroon after jumping from wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) to humans during the twentieth century.[11][12]

HIV-2 is hypothesized to have originated from the Sooty Mangabey (Cercocebus atys), an Old World monkey of Guinea-Bissau, Gabon, and Cameroon.[13]

HIV-1 is more virulent, more easily transmitted and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally, while HIV-2 is less easily transmitted and is largely confined to West Africa.[13]

HIV-1 is the virus that was initially discovered and termed LAV.


Three of the earliest known instances of HIV-1 infection are as follows:

1. A plasma sample taken in 1959 from an adult male living in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo.[14]

2. HIV found in tissue samples from a 15 year old Africa-American teenager who died in St. Louis in 1969.[15]

3. HIV found in tissue samples from a Norwegian sailor who died around 1976.[16]


Now, unless the DoD had a lab in the Congo, I think he/she was mistaken. Another Urban Legend/Conspiracy theory

Answer 4

don't be a fool . They do this all over the world . Thats why organics is the best way to go. Stay away from prescribtions. The grocery stores are part of a HUGE conspiracy. They use there discount cards to get statistics of what you buy . Then those stats go to the food companies . then to marketing and RESEARCH !!! trust me you dont want to know if the government is in on that one , but WAIT the FDA IS ALREADY !!!

MUAHAHAHAHAHAHA!!!!!!!!

Answer 5

Source?

Answer 6

So what's happened since 1945?

Answer 7

Proud isn't the word. Grateful yes.

Answer 8

Very much so................

Answer 9

,America is a very special country to live in. We are a land of many cultures and religions. Americans know that tolerance and respect of one another is the key to be the best person that we can be. We hope you enjoy reading our 'Proud to be American' stories. You can print the worksheet to write one of your own. The tune playing is our National Anthem, 'The Star Spangled Banner'.
Click here for the words so you can proudly sing along.




I am proud to be an American because America is fun. Americans have the right to choose. We have freedom because you can buy what you want. We are friendly, because we help people. William
I am proud to be an American because we have freedom. Americans are cool. America is fun. Americans have the right to choose. Our leaders support our decision to help one another. Americans can play. I like Americans. Clay C
I am proud to be an American because being an American is fun. You have the right to choose! We are proud to be Americans – me too! We have freedom! America is fun! Amanda
I am proud to be an American because American is beautiful. We have freedom because we have the right to choose what we want. People in America are very nice and friendly. I like the leaders of our country. America is great and I like America. I am glad that we can vote for the people we like and the things we can buy. Jacqueline
I am proud to be an American because we have freedom. America is fun. We are friendly because this is a good country. We have freedom because you can go to school. Nicole

I am proud to be an American because we have peace. We have a free country. America is fun because people are nice. I love America. Angelina
I am proud to be an American because America is fun. We are friendly. You can buy what you want and vote for people you like. Our leaders support our decision to help one another. You have the right to choose.
Jeffrey

I am proud to be an American because we are friendly. We have freedom. We can buy what we want. We can vote for people that we like and trust. We don’t hurt people. Roxanne
I am proud to be an American because we have freedom. Our leaders support our decisions to help one another. We are friendly. You have the right to choose. Michael R.

I am proud to be an American because America is fun. You have the right to choose. We are friendly. Our leaders support our decision to help one another. Meranda

I am proud to be an American because we have freedom. We are friendly because we help people. I like America because we get to be free. Michael T.

I am proud to be an American because we have freedom. Americans have the right to choose the presidents. We have the right to be nice. We do not have the right to knock down buildings, that is not nice. Brooke.

I am proud to be an American because we like America. America is fun. You can buy what you want. You can go to school. School is fun and you have friends. Everybody likes Americans. Erica

I am proud to be an American because we have freedom. Americans get to choose what they want. Americans are lucky because women get to work. Americans are lucky because we get to vote for who ever we want. Americans get to choose what they want to eat. Loren
I am proud to be an American because we are friendly. We vote for people we like. We have freedom. Americans have the right to choose. We like and trust each other. We have leaders that make decisions that will help us. Janiece
I am proud to be an American because we have peace. We have a free country. We have the right to choose. We are friendly because we get along with the people in America and we love America. Krysten

I am proud to be an American because Americans have the right to choose. We vote for the people that we trust and like. We do not kill. We trust one another and we are friendly. Danny F.
I am proud to be an American because we have freedom. Americans have the right to choose what they want to do. America is fun because we can go to school. We are friendly because we help each other. Faateh

I am proud to be an American because we have freedom. You have the right to choose. You can buy what you want. You can vote for people you like. America is fun. We are friendly and we help people. Our leaders support our decisions to help one another. Michael G.
I am proud to be an American because we have freedom. We have the right to buy whatever we want. The people in America are nice. We get to do whatever we want. We have schools. We have nice houses and nice clothes. Clay M.

I am proud to be an American because we have freedom. American is fun. We can buy what we want. We can vote for people we like. Our leaders support our decision to help one another. America is cool because we can go to school. Nicolas
I am proud to be an American because we have freedom. America is fun. You can buy what you want for people you like. We are friendly. Our leaders support our families. Travers

I am proud to be an American because we have freedom. Americans have the right to choose. Americans have the right to do what they want to do. America is fun. Andrew
I am proud to be an American because we get to choose what we want to eat. The people are nice. America is fun. You can buy what you want. We have freedom. Alyssia
I am proud to be an American because you can buy what you want and vote for people you like. You have the right to choose what you want. America is fun because you can buy whatever you want. Matthew

I am proud to be an American because you can buy what you want. America is fun because we have freedom and can play. You can vote for people you like. You have the right to choose. Daniel