What's the difference between DNA and RNA?

Question

DNA=Deoxyribbonucelic Acid
RNA=Ribbonucelic Acid

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid — usually in the form of a double helix — that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life, and many viruses. DNA is a long polymer of nucleotides (a polynucleotide) and encodes the sequence of the amino acid residues in proteins using the genetic code, a triplet code of nucleotides. DNA is thought to date back to between approximately 3.5 to 4.6 billion years ago.[1]

In complex eukaryotic cells such as those from plants, animals, fungi and protists, most of the DNA is located in the cell nucleus. By contrast, in simpler cells called prokaryotes, including the eubacteria and archaea, DNA is not separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear envelope. The cellular organelles known as chloroplasts and mitochondria also carry DNA.

DNA is often referred to as the molecule of heredity as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. In humans, these traits can range from hair color to disease susceptibility. During cell division, DNA is replicated and can be transmitted to offspring during reproduction. Lineage studies can be done based on the facts that the mitochondrial DNA only comes from the mother, and the male Y chromosome only comes from the father.

Every person's DNA, their genome, is inherited from both parents. The mother's mitochondrial DNA together with twenty-three chromosomes from each parent combine to form the genome of a zygote, the fertilized egg. As a result, with certain exceptions such as red blood cells, most human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, together with mitochondrial DNA inherited from the mother.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers. RNA nucleotides contain ribose rings and uracil unlike deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contains deoxyribose and thymine. It is transcribed from DNA by enzymes called RNA polymerases and further processed by other enzymes. RNA serves as the template for translation of genes into proteins, transferring amino acids to the ribosome to form proteins, and also translating the transcript into proteins.

Answer 2

Both DNA and RNA are composed of repeating units of nucleotides. Each
nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate and a nucleic acid base.
The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose. The sugar in RNA is ribose, the same
as deoxyribose but with one more OH (oxygen-hydrogen atom combination
called a hydroxyl). This is the biggest difference between DNA and RNA.
Another difference is that RNA molecules can have a much greater variety
of nucleic acid bases. DNA has mostly just 4 different bases with a few
extra occasionally. The difference in these bases (between DNA and RNA)
allows RNA molecules to assume a wide variety of shapes and also many
different functions. DNA, on the other hand, serves as a set of directions
and that's about all (but that's absolutely necessary!). ---DrPam

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a type of molecule that consists of a long chain of nucleotide units. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate. RNA is very similar to DNA, but differs in a few important structural details: in the cell, RNA is usually single-stranded, while DNA is usually double-stranded; RNA nucleotides contain ribose while DNA contains deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom); and RNA has the base uracil rather than thymine that is present in DNA.

Answer 4

DNA is used in living organisms to encode the genetic template. RNA is used for a range of other things including as a message to convert DNA to protein, to function as enzymes (ribozymes) etc.

Fundamentally the main difference is that the sugar in the main nucleic acid chain in DNA is deoxyribose vs just ribose in RNA (hence the names), i.e. RNA has an extra oxygen atom and extra hydrogen atom per molecule.

The genetic code is made up so-called nucleotides attached to these sugars. In DNA it is the letters G C A T (guanosine, cytosine, adenine and thymine). In RNA the thymine (T) is replaced by uracil (U).

The effect of this is that the structure of DNA chains is much less flexible and binding of DNA chains to each other is much stronger than RNA making it much more stable and a better genetic template.

Answer 5

**Deoxyribonucleic and Ribonucleic

DNA differs from ribonucleic acid (RNA) by having a sugar 2-deoxyribose instead of ribose in its backbone. This is the basic chemical distinction between RNA and DNA. In addition, in most[citation needed] RNA, the nucleotides thymine (T) are replaced by uracil (U).

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers. RNA nucleotides contain ribose rings and uracil unlike deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contains deoxyribose and thymine. It is transcribed from DNA by enzymes called RNA polymerases and further processed by other enzymes. RNA serves as the template for translation of genes into proteins, transferring amino acids to the ribosome to form proteins, and also translating the transcript into proteins.

Unlike DNA, RNA is almost always a single-stranded molecule and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides. RNA contains ribose, rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA (there is a hydroxyl group attached to the pentose ring in the 2' position whereas DNA has a hydrogen atom rather than a hydroxyl group). This hydroxyl group makes RNA less stable than DNA because it is more prone to hydrolysis. Several types of RNA (tRNA, rRNA) contain a great deal of secondary structure, which help promote stability.

Answer 6

in the chain that makes up these two nucleic acids, dna has less oxygen in the ribose molecule. this gives it slightly different properties than rna. dna is usually used to synthesize rna during the transcription/translation process, although some organisms have only rna as their genetic material( bacteria). if you wish to learn more, just look it up on google- there are some neat diagrams too!

Answer 7

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose while that in RNA is ribose.
Thymine is present in DNA while uracil is present in RNA.
DNA is usually double-stranded while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Answer 8

1.DNA: Double stranded
RNA: Single stranded

2.DNA: has thymine
RNA: has uracil

3.DNA:contains Deoxyribose sugar
RNA:contains Ribose sugar

Answer 9

rna is the transcript of dna is made of 4 bases adenine uracil guanine and citosine
dna has thymine instead of uracil
it is different because uracyl is more stable than thymine so that the trascript can be made into dna without any changes

Answer 10

You just said it. They use a different type of sugar for both structures. One uses Ribose and the other uses DeooxyRibose. Also, instead of Thymine in DNA, RNA uses Uracil to bind to Adenine in order to bind two strands and give it its helix structure.