Exactly what species are present at the equivalance point?

Question

I want to know exactly what species are present in an acid base titration, EXACTLY at the equivlance point.

Throw a little "why" in there and I will give you best answer. THanks

Oh yes, and in what relative amounts are they present? Assume the acid is diprotic, therefore there are two equiv points. H2A is the acid.

Answer 1

What's your base?
At the equivalence point all of the acid will have reacted with the base. For a diprotic acid you have two equivalence points:the first equivalence point will be when all of the H(+) from one group of the acid have reacted.
Assuming a strong monovalent base BOH and that the acid is weak

BOH + H2A -> B(+) + HA(-) + H2O but also
HA(-) <=> H(+) + A(-2)
and HA(-) + H2O <=> H2A +OH(-)

So your species at the first equivalence point are B(+), HA(-), H(+), A(-2) and H2A

At the second equivalence point

BOH + HA(-) -> B(+) + A(-2) + H2O but also
A(-2) + H2O <=> HA(-) + OH(-)
HA(-) + H2O <=> H2A + OH(-)

So the species will be B(+), A(-2), HA(-), OH(-) and H2A

Actually H(+) (and OH(-)) will always be present since
H2O <=> H(+) + OH(-) but the amount will be [H+]=Kw/[OH-].

So in effect you always have the same species present but what changes is their concentration. E.g. for the second equivalence point you should have only traces of H2A but since it is an equlibrium you can't have absolutely zero.

Answer 2

For one it pronounced form no longer species there's a distinction. Species are the specialization of a a sort, meaning they got here from a difficulty-loose ancestor. And specialization can take place immediately. i'm no longer speaking approximately abiogenesis, yet evolution does take place. it extremely is an inevitable component of nature Tiger/Lion Kingdom: Animalia/Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata/Phylum: Chordata type: Mammalia/type: Mammalia Order: Carnivora/Order: Carnivora relatives: Felidae/relatives: Felidae Genus: Panthera/Genus: Panthera Species: Panthera tigris/Species: Panthera leo the clarification you are able to breed a lion and a tiger mutually and convey offspring(they are purely some situations sterile) is with the help of the fact they are are the two interior an analogous Genus:Panthera I used this exampl of the liger as you had used it. As metioned the bible isn't the only flood tale.

Answer 3

At an equivalence point there is exactly one specie... So the first equivalence point there is only H2A; the next one only HA-, and finally only A2- at the third. This is because it takes one molar equivalent of strong base to move from one equivalence point to the next (H2A to HA-).

Answer 4

the answer depends on what your reactants are and how much you have and at what conditions. you have not given enough information to answer your question.