What was existing in the civilization in the American countries before they were discovered by Europeans?

Answer 1

There's a great new book that answers this question specifically. The title is 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, by Charles C. Mann.

And here's what Publisher's Weekly thought about it:
"In a riveting and fast-paced history, massing archeological, anthropological, scientific and literary evidence, Mann debunks much of what we thought we knew about pre-Columbian America. Reviewing the latest, not widely reported research in Indian demography, origins and ecology, Mann zestfully demonstrates that long before any European explorers set foot in the New World, Native American cultures were flourishing with a high degree of sophistication. The new researchers have turned received wisdom on its head. For example, it has long been believed the Inca fell to Pizarro because they had no metallurgy to produce steel for weapons. In fact, scholars say, the Inca had a highly refined metallurgy, but valued plasticity over strength. What defeated the Inca was not steel but smallpox and resulting internecine warfare. Mann also shows that the Maya constructed huge cities and governed them with a cohesive set of political ideals. Most notably, according to Mann, the Haudenosaunee, in what is now the Northeast U.S., constructed a loose confederation of tribes governed by the principles of individual liberty and social equality. The author also weighs the evidence that Native populations were far larger than previously calculated. Mann, a contributor to the Atlantic Monthly and Science, masterfully assembles a diverse body of scholarship into a first-rate history of Native America and its inhabitants."

Answer 2

The first and second posts sum it up in most ways. There were many low level to highly advanced civilizations in the americas. Even some outside influence. The Chinese, for instance, visited the west coast about the same they put a colony in Austrailia among other places (around 2-4 hundred years before Columbus). Unfortunately, after concluding there wasn't much in the world worth the effort, they decided to go isolationist shortly thereafter and withdrew all colonies and destroyed a navy that had no equivalent afterwards until the British navy of the 1800s'. A mistake they paid heavily for centuries later.

Answer 3

~You're going to have to be a little more specific. With over 1000 tribes of Inuit and Indians scattered from above the Arctic Circle to South of Tierra del Fuego, each with its own culture and traditions, your querry is just a might broad.

Answer 4

there were a whole bunch of nations throught out the americas. the greatest ones were the iroquis, cherokees, aztecs, mayans, and incas