How does the nuclear power station work?

Answer 1

Rods containing fissible material (uranium-235 or plutonium) are placed in the reactor core along with carbon control rods. A neutron is put in the system, which eventually splits one of the fissible atoms into 2 smaller atoms (nuclear waste) and releases large amounts of energy according to Einstein's famous equation, E=mc^2. This energy is released in the form of heat, and is captured by water. As the water boils, the steam turns a turbine which generates electricity. Each fission event releases 3 additional neutrons which go on to split more atoms. Left unchecked, this is an atomic bomb. However, the control rods absorb some of these neutrons, controlling the rate of energy production, and preventing a "meltdown."

Answer 2

Nuclear power is generated using Uranium, which is a metal mined in various parts of the world.

The first large-scale nuclear power station opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England, in 1956.

Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plants for engines

Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needs, and produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel, without the pollution that you'd get from burning fossil fuels

How it works
NUCLEAR FUSSION MAKE HEAT --> HEAT WATER TO MAKE STEAM --> MAKES HEAT STEAM TURNS TURBINES --> TURBINES TURN GENERATORS --> ELECTRICAL POWER SENT AROUND COUNTRY

Nuclear power stations work in pretty much the same way as fossil fuel-burning stations, except that a "chain reaction" inside a nuclear reactor makes the heat instead.

The reactor uses Uranium rods as fuel, and the heat is generated by nuclear fission. Neutrons smash into the nucleus of the uranium atoms, which split roughly in half and release energy in the form of heat.

Carbon dioxide gas is pumped through the reactor to take the heat away, and the hot gas then heats water to make steam.

The steam drives turbines which drive generators. Modern nuclear power stations use the same type of turbines and generators as conventional power stations

In Britain, nuclear power stations are built on the coast, and use sea water for cooling the steam ready to be pumped round again. This means that they don't have the huge "cooling towers" seen at other power stations.

The reactor is controlled with "control rods", made of boron, which absorb neutrons. When the rods are lowered into the reactor, they absorb more neutrons and the fission process slows down. To generate more power, the rods are raised and more neutrons can crash into uranium atoms.

Natural uranium is only 0.7% "uranium-235", which is the type of uranium that undergoes fission in this type of reactor. The rest is U-238, which just sits there getting in the way. Modern reactors use "enriched" uranium fuel, which has a higher proportion of U-235.

The fuel arrives encased in metal tubes, which are lowered into the reactor whilst it's running, using a special crane sealed onto the top of the reactor.


Carbon dioxide gas is blown through the reactor to carry the heat away. Carbon dioxide is chosen because it is a very good coolant, able to carry a great deal of heat energy. It also helps to reduce any fire risk in the reactor (it's around 600 degrees Celsius in there) and it doesn't turn into anything nasty (well, nothing long-lived and nasty) when it's bombarded with neutrons.
You have to be very careful about the materials you use to build reactors - some materials will turn into horrible things in that environment. If a piece of metal in the reactor pressure vessel turns brittle and snaps, you're probably in trouble.

Uranium itself isn't particularly radioactive, so when the fuel rods arrive at the power station they can be handled using thin plastic gloves. A rod can last for several years before it needs replacing. It's when the "spent" fuel rods are taken out of the reactor that you need the full remote-control robot arms and Homer Simpson equipment.

Nuclear power stations are not atomic bombs waiting to go off, and are not prone to "meltdowns".
There is a lot of U-238 in there slowing things down - you need a high concentration of U-235 to make a bomb. If the reactor gets too hot, the control rods are lowered in and it cools down.
If that doesn't work, there are sets of emergency control rods that automatically drop in and shut the reactor down completely.

With reactors in this country, the computers will shut the reactor down automatically if things get out of hand (unless engineers intervene within a set time). At Chernobyl, in Ukraine, they did not have such a sophisticated system, indeed they over-rode the automatic systems they did have. When they got it wrong, the reactor overheated, melted and the excessive pressure blew out the containment system before they could stop it. Then, with the coolant gone, there was a serious fire. Many people lost their lives trying to sort out the mess.

If something does go wrong in a really big way, much of the world could be affected - some radioactive dust (called "fallout") from the Chernobyl accident landed in the UK.

With AGR reactors (the most common type in Britain) there are additional safety systems, such as flooding the reactor with nitrogen and/or water to absorb all the neutrons - although the water option means that reactor can never be restarted

Answer 3

A nuclear reactor produces energy through a chain reaction that splits a uranium nucleus, releasing energy in the form of heat. Fast breeder reactors, which use plutonium as fuel, generate more energy than they expend. Plutonium is not a natural element. It must be recycled from the excess uranium produced from a chain reaction. The radioactivity of plutonium is higher and its life is longer than that of any other element. Because of these characteristics, the public has been concerned about the safety of its development and use.

Answer 4

The nuclear reaction generates heat, which is absorbed by water. The water turns to steam and is radioactive. This steam goes through a heat exchanger, which heats up more water in a separate piping system into steam that's not radioactive. This steam turns a turbine, which makes the electricity.

Answer 5

Basically ... the nuclear reaction generates heat, the heat rises and turns a turbine, the turbine creates electricity.

Answer 6

boo u don't know how a nuclear station works.just log onto www.isro.gov or search in yahoo itself, just give nuclear station(working) it will immediately display the web.