Do NOT ingest them!
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water. It has strong oxidizing properties and is therefore a powerful bleaching agent that has found use as a disinfectant, as an oxidizer, and in rocketry (particularly in high concentrations as high-test peroxide (HTP) as a monopropellant), and in bipropellant systems.
Domestic uses
It is commonly used (in very low concentrations, typically around 5%) to bleach human hair, hence the phrases peroxide blonde and bottle blonde. It burns the skin upon contact in sufficient concentration. In lower concentrations (3%), it is used medically for cleaning wounds and removing dead tissue. The Food and Drug Administration has approved 3% hydrogen peroxide ("Food-Grade," or without added chemical stabilisers) for use as a mouthwash. Commercial peroxide solutions (most H2O2 bought over the counter from pharmacies) are not suitable for ingestion as they contain additional harmful chemicals.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified hydrogen peroxide as a Low Regulatory Priority (LRP) drug for use in controlling fungus on fish and fish eggs. Hydrogen peroxide has been experimentally proven to be effective against Amyloodinium sp., a marine fish ectoparasite. It was used at a dosage of 25ppm for 30 minutes to treat Pacific Threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis infected with Amyloodinium ocellatum. (Montgomery et al., 1999b). Some species of fish tolerate the treatment well, but others are highly sensitive to the chemical (Noga, 2000). Results may also vary between juvenile and adult fish.
Hydrogen peroxide is effective against other ectoparasites, such as Ambiphrya and Gyrodactylus spp. (Rach et al. 2000). Sodium percarbonate is a compound that releases hydrogen peroxide when dissolved in water. Sodium percarbonate was demonstrated to kill the freshwater ectoparasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, at the theront stage or free-swimming, infective stage (Buchmann, et al., 2002). It is currently used in Denmark with rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at a concentration of 50-100 mg/L is twice a week without any apparent ill effects on the fish.
If more than 50% of the theronts died the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was recorded as effective (Buchmann, et al., 2002). A dosage of 12.5mg/L at a temperature of 12°C kills theronts within 3 hours. This same dosage was not effective against the tomocysts stage of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. However, dosages of 12.5 mg/L for 180 min and 62.5 mg/L for 90 min were effective against theronts (Buchmann, et al., 2002).
The life cycle of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is temperature dependent, so the warmer the water temperature the shorter the duration of the parasites life cycle. At 12°C, the medium time frame for tomocsyts to hatch is 9 days and the attached parasitic stage has a duration of 10-12 days. This means that at 12°C treatment should continue daily for a minimum of three weeks. Caution should be taken when using hydrogen peroxide as accidental spills may have an immediate adverse effect on human skin.
Studies to test the effectiveness and safety of hydrogen peroxide for the treatment of other ectoparasites such as Cryptocaryon irritans are fully warranted (Montgomery-Brock, D. et al., 2000). However, this treatment is considered to be highly experimental, therefore it cannot be recommended. The side effects and survival rate when using hydrogen peroxide may not prove to be acceptable. Protective clothing and safety glasses should be worn when using a dose of 35% and higher. The water temperature should be carefully monitored when treating with hydrogen peroxide, because it becomes more toxic as the temperature rises. At this point, the safety, effectiveness, correct dosage and duration of treatment for this experimental method have not been established.
Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)
Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3, or sodium hydrogen carbonate, also known as baking soda, bread soda, or bicarbonate of soda, is a soluble white anhydrous or crystalline chemical compound, with a slight alkaline taste resembling that of sodium carbonate. It is found in many mineral springs and also produced artificially.
Baking soda has over a hundred uses. [2]
* It is used in combination with acidic compounds (such as cream of tartar, lemon juice, yoghurt, etc.) as a leavening agent in baking: some forms of baking powder contain sodium bicarbonate combined with cream of tartar. (Note: Some nutritionists, such as Erica White caution against combining with cream of tartar or tartaric acid, as they are toxic substances.)
* Formerly, it was used as a source of carbon dioxide for soda water.
* Sodium bicarbonate has been used as an endurance enhancer.
* It is used as an antacid to treat acid indigestion and heartburn.
* The anhydrous form is also used to absorb moisture and odours; an open box can be left in a refrigerator for this purpose. However, baking soda does not actually absorb odors well when used in a refrigerator (see [3])
* A paste from baking soda can be very effective when used in cleaning and scrubbing.
* Used in toothpaste, baking soda helps to gently remove stains, whiten teeth, freshen breath, and dissolve plaque.
* Baking soda helps remove body odours as it absorbs chemicals, apply using a powder puff.
* Sodium bicarbonate is used as a fire-suppression agent ("BC powder") in some dry powder fire extinguishers. It is a minor component of Purple-K dry fire suppression agent.
* It can be mixed with cocaine as a part of the process of making crack cocaine or eno.
* It is commonly used to increase the pH and total alkalinity of the water for pools and spas. Sodium bicarbonate can be added as a simple solution for restoring the pH balance of water that has a high level of chlorine.
* It kills fleas and drives away ants. If it is applied to a pet's fur, it must be washed/rinsed off to prevent skin problems.
* If a small amount is mixed with water and ingested, it cleans out the kidneys. [4], [5]
* A teaspoon of it and a teaspoon of epsom salt in a glass of water cleans the blood stream. [citation needed]
* Baking soda and boiling water unclogs drains.
* One cup of baking soda maintains a healthy septic tank. It controls pH and keeps a good environment for the bacteria.
* It removes coffee stains, marker, and crayon.
* If made into a paste salve, it relieves burning from bug stings, poison ivy, nettles, and sunburn.
* grease cleaner
* With water, it cleans the impurities on contact lenses. Rinse completely before wearing contacts to avoid stinging of the salt in baking soda.
* It is used as a fabric softener in laundry.
* facial scrub
* It neutralizes battery acid.
* It is used to test garden soil for acidity.
* Can be used to kill crab grass in Flordia St. Augustine grass. Must be used repeatedly to control but is effective. Dampen area then sprinkle lightly, too much may harm desired grass temporarily.
* A solution in warm water will remove the tarnish from silver when the silver is in contact with a piece of aluminum foil.
Meat tenderizer
* a small amount (1tsp) can be added to a beef stew to make tough meat tenderize faster. (however, this is no substitute for just stewing the meat for more time)
Sodium bicarbonate also has some use in military applications. Cold sodium bicarbonate can be used to stop the chemical agent White Phosphorus, a common allotrope of phosphorus often used in incendiary bullets, from spreading inside a soldier's afflicted wounds.
2006-07-21 12:23:51
·
answer #1
·
answered by ndtaya 6
·
1⤊
0⤋