There are 5 or 6 hours difference depending on whether daylight savings time is observed. Georgia is GMT - 5h during Standard Time (GMT -4h during Daylight Saving Time) France is GMT+1h. I believe that France also has daylight saving time in some areas.
Just as the calendar is based on the orbiting of the Earth around the Sun, calculation of time is based on the rotation of the Earth on its axis and the amount of daylight from the Sun. When it is light on one side of the Earth, it is dark on the other.
Before the use of time zones, people used local solar time (originally apparent solar time as with a sundial) and later mean solar time. This became increasingly awkward as railways and telecommunications improved, because clocks differed between places. A compromize was made to create time zones.
I In 1675 Charles II appointed John Flamsteed to devise ways of calculating time at sea--essential for the exploration and mapping of the globe. The clock was thus invented for navigation on ships. If you look on a map you will notice grid lines. The vertical grid lines are longitude and the horizontal grid lines are latitude.
In 1676 Charles II established the Royal Astronomical Observatory in Greenwich, England (a suburb of London) which was designated as 0 degrees longitude on maps. As trade developed there was a need for a compromise and since 1884, the world has set its clocks according to the time of day on the Meridian of Greenwich, longitude 0°, the imaginary line joining the North and South Poles through the dead centre of a specialised telescope installed at the Observatory in 1851.
The Mean Sun is an imaginary body that moves around the celestial equator with constant angular speed, making a complete circuit with respect to the vernal equinox in one tropical year. Therefore, in 1884, GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) was established as the world standard. In 1919 the Royal Observatory organized expeditions which confirmed predictions made by Einstein's theory of relativity.
In 1928 GMT was also given the name Universal Time. The International Time Bureau in Paris now coordinates astronomical measurements and atomic clock readings from around the world to arrive at Coordinated Universal Time. GMT is also known as Universal Time (UTC) and Western European Time (WET) and Zulu Time. Zulu Time is also referred to as Z-Time which is an aviation time code
A circle is divided into 360 degrees. The Earth rotates 15 degrees in one hour. Therefore, the world map in a Mecator projection is divided into 24 time zones (25 integers). Each time zone is 15 degrees apart. The Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England is designated as 0 degrees longitude and the Prime Meridian. By convention, each country determines its time relative to the time at the Meridian Line in Greenwich. Therefore, the time zones are numbered from west to east, -12 through 0 (GMT) to +12.
For example, France is GMT +1 (hour). This means that when it is 12 noon in Greenwich, England, it is 1 PM in Paris. Los Angeles is GMT -8 (hours). So when it is 12 noon in Greenwich, England, it is 4 AM in Los Angeles. Just add or subtract the number indicated in order find out the time in each country. Most countries are so small that they have one time zone. Other countries have several time zones. Russia has the most with 11 time zones with Moscow being GMT+2 and Vladivostock GMT+12. The United States is second with nine time zones, six for states and three more for possessions. Canada is third with six time zones. In terms of area, China is the largest country with only one time zone (UTC+8), although before the Chinese Civil War in 1949 China was separated into five time zones. The next largest country with only one time zone is India (UTC+5:30). China also has the widest spanning time zone.
On the opposite side of the globe from the Prime Meridian line in Greenwich, England is the International Date Line. Here, both time zones meet and so we encounter the point where there is a difference in days. The International Date Line is not straight, to avoid creating different time zones with a single country, thus it zigzags its way across the globe.
In 1883 standard time was adopted in the U.S. and Canada because of the railroads. Before then, time of day was a local matter, and most cities and towns used some form of local solar time, maintained by some well-known clock (for example, on a church steeple or in a jeweler's window). The new standard time system was not immediately embraced by all, however. Each railroad company had been using its own standard time, usually based on the local time of its headquarters or most important terminus, and the railroad's train schedules were published using its own time. Some major railroad junctions served by several different railroads had a separate clock for each railroad, each showing a different time. The Pittsburgh main station used six different times! The confusion for travellers making a long journey involving several changes of train can be imagined.
Use of standard time gradually increased because of its obvious practical advantages for communication and travel. Standard time in time zones was legally established in U.S. by the Act of March 19, 1918, sometimes called the Standard Time Act. The act also established Daylight Saving Time. The Standard Time Act gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) authority over time zone boundaries.
The Uniform Time Act of 1966 provided standardization in the dates of beginning and end of daylight time in the U.S. but allowed for local exemptions from its observance. The act also continued the authority of the ICC over time zone boundaries. In subsequent years, Congress transferred the authority over time zones to the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), modifed (several times) the beginning date of daylight time, and renamed the three westernmost time zones. Under the law, the principal standard for deciding on a time zone change is the "convenience of commerce." Proposed time zone changes have been both approved and rejected based on this criterion, although most such proposals have been accepted.
2006-07-20 03:27:30
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answer #6
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answered by Anonymous
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