name as many concepts/definitions of culture from diff. sources acknowledge the sources by using bibliography?

Question

hello guys i need help again anyone pls. feel free to answer my question i would be very glad if i will recieve as many answer as possible... this my assignment my teacher gave me and im goin to pass this on tuesday July 18...thank you...

Answer 1

The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning "to cultivate", generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. Different definitions of "culture" reflect different theoretical bases for understanding, or criteria for evaluating, human activity. Anthropologists most commonly use the term "culture" to refer to the universal human capacity to classify, codify and communicate their experiences symbolically. This capacity is long been taken as a defining feature of the genus Homo. However, primatologists such as Jane Goodall have identified aspects of culture among our closest relatives in the animal kingdom.[1]

Defining "culture"
Culture has been called "the way of life for an entire society." As such, it includes codes of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, norms of behaviour and systems of belief.[2]

Various definitions of culture reflect differing theories for understanding — or criteria for evaluating — human activity.

Sir Edward B. Tylor writing from the perspective of social anthropology in the U.K. in the late nineteenth century described culture in the following way:

"Culture or civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."[3]
More recently, the United Nations Economic, Social and Cultural Organization UNESCO (2002) described culture as follows:

"... culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs".[4]

While these two definitions cover a range of meaning, they do not exhaust the many uses of the term "culture." In 1952 Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of more than 200 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions[5]

These definitions, and many others, provide a catalog of the elements of culture. The items catalogued (e.g., a law, a stone tool, a marriage) each have an existence and life-line of their own. They come into space-time at one set of coordinates and go out of it another. While here, they change, so that one may speak of the evolution of the law or the tool.

A culture, then, is by definition at least, a set of cultural objects. Anthropologist Leslie White asked: What sort of objects are they? Are they physical objects? Mental objects? Both? Metaphors? Symbols? Reifications? In Science of Culture, (1949), he concluded that they are objects "sui generis," i.e., of their own kind. In trying to define that kind, he hit upon a previously unrealized aspect of symbolization, which he called "the symbolate," i.e., an object created by the act of symbolization. He thus defined culture as: "symbolates understood in an extra-somatic context."[6] The key to this definition is the discovery of the symbolate.
Culture and anarchy
http://www.library.utoronto.ca/utel/nonfiction_u/arnoldm_ca/ca_titlepage.html

UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity
http://www.unesco.org/education/imld_2002/unversal_decla.shtml
Definitions of culture
http://fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us/~aforsber/ccsf/culture_defined.html

Answer 2

You should check out a book by Kroeber and Kluckhorn. Otherwise, do your own work. Only losers get people to do their homework on Y!Answers. Good luck in college, genius.

Answer 3

Why don't you do your own homework.. That's how you learn!! If you get a pass on someone elses work, what good will it do you in the exams? (or do you get marked only on assignments in the US?)