Techniques Used for Measuring Bone Density
Bone Densitometry. Currently, the standard technique for determining bone density is a form of bone densitometry called dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). DEXA is simple and painless and takes two to four minutes. The machine measures bone density by detecting the extent to which bones absorb photons that are generated by very low-level X-rays. (Photons are atomic particles with no charge.) Measurements of bone mineral density are generally given as the average concentrations of calcium in areas that are scanned.
Bone density is usually measured at the hip rather than the spine or wrist, which appears to be the most predictive of hip fracture. (Hip fractures are the most dangerous, particularly in women older than sixty.) The BMD in the spine may also be measured. (Spinal BMD in older people however may be misleading. Bone density in this group may increase because of compression on the spinal bones from arthritic changes in the spine. Therefore, bone density measurements may be normal or even high but the patient may actually be at risk for fracture.)
Simple and inexpensive densitometry machines are now widely available, even in shopping centers, with prices for the scans being as low as $40. It is not clear, however, whether such widespread screening confers significant benefits, since the results do not always predict a woman's risk for fracture. For example, bone density can differ from site to site within the same person, particularly in people younger than 65, so such measurements are unlikely to give a true picture of fracture risk.
Ultrasound. Ultrasound techniques measure bone density in the heels, fingers, and leg bones. In early studies, advanced ultrasound techniques, such as quantitative ultrasound (QUS) are promising for improving accuracy in predicting fractures when used with DEXA. Ultrasound itself is less expensive than DEXA and uses no radiation. Ultrasound bone tests are sometimes given at health fairs or other non-medical settings. It should be noted that these results typically vary widely from measurements of the hipbone and are not reliable when used alone.
Quantitative Computed Tomography. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans, a form of CT scans, can provide highly detailed information about spinal density. Radiation doses from this technique are higher than the others. Whether QCT predicts fracture risk accurately is, however, unknown
2006-07-14 23:04:06
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answer #1
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answered by heart_and_soul_of_ice 3
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Yes, Dexa Scan is a type ox X-ray of the iliac crest of the pelvis, after teh first one is done, it is used as a baseline to determine bone loss in subsequent scans. Usually done once or twice a year.
2006-07-15 00:54:46
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answer #2
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answered by tom5551 3
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