Multiple Questions Regarding Crookes radiometer?

Question

My questions are simple ones

My radiometer spins clockwise with black side on the right vertical veins and I would like to know does any person here know for a fact that if the veins on Crookes radiometer were reversed with black side on the left vertical veins, then would it rotate counter clockwise?

Also has there been any tests conducted with the crooks radiometer to determine if it could function if with respect to a slight reconstruction it was placed between two low friction spindles which were inverted at 90 degrees of its current functional state thus the shaft would be mounted horizontal and the veins would rotate against gravitational forces?

Extended third question

Also does any person here know if Crooks Radiometer would function it the veins were made of a nonmetallic material?

Extended fourth question

If the black veins on Crooks radiometer were angled at a 45 degree angle inside the device with black side facing up would the radiometer spin faster?

Extended fifth question

If the veins on Crooks radiometer were manufactured to be 180 degree rotation curve spheres and placed at a 45 degree angles with silver in the concave and black upon curvature then when the light source hits the device directly would the force increase spin?

Extended Sixth question

While the color black absorbs light best, have there been any experiments done with respect to Crooks radiometer to see how well the device would function if the black side were replaced with natural earth colors in proportion to our earths surface colors with respect to reductive surface area upon the veins.

Does any person here believe that with respect to our earths atmosphere that our earths rotation could be influenced by the light of our sun, and directly proportional to our suns light, and the function of our planets rotation would be very similar to the crooks radiometer in which it is suspended in a low vacuum state and only rotates with in that state with respect to light quanta's interaction upon it?

Last and final question

Does any person here know if a 360 degree perfectly balanced sphere has been substituted for the veins upon the low friction spindle with in the low vacuum state of the Crooks radiometer to determine if spin would be induced with respect to light quanta?

Thank you everyone who responded to any one of my singular questions, or all of my many questions submitted here.

Answer 1

The white deflects the dark absorbs. If you reversed the colors the rotation would reverse. The same is true no matter which position the spindles are located assuming the device is balanced. I believe they are also vacumn sealed.

Answer 2

If a Crookes radiometer contained a perfect vacuum then the change in momentum as the light was reflected from the white or shiny side of the vane would be greater than for the light absorbed on the dark side, and the vanes would rotate with the dark sides in front. But most radiometers contain air at very low pressure. The air on the dark side is heated by the warmth produced by absorption of light. The momentum of the heated molecules pushes the vanes in the opposite direction because this effect is greater than the momentum of the photons striking the light side of the vane. A reasonably frictionless radiometer should work in any position in fairly bright light. It shouldn't make any difference what material the vanes are made of. The most efficient design is flat vanes parallel to the axis of rotation.