What is colour blindness? why it occures? explain by physics reasons.?

Question

Colour is nothing but electromatic waves with perticular frequency. Why its frequency changes who have colour blindness?

Answer 1

Color Blindness, defect of vision affecting the ability to distinguish colors, occurring mostly in males. Color blindness is caused by a defect in the retina or in other nerve portions of the eye. The first detailed report on this condition was written by the British chemist John Dalton, who was himself afflicted with it. Total color blindness, in which all hues are perceived as variations of gray, is known as achromatopsia or monochromatism. This condition is congenital, extremely rare, and affects men and women almost equally. Partial color blindness, called dichromatism, consists generally of the inability to differentiate between the reds and the greens or to perceive either reds or greens; infrequently, the confusion may involve the blues or the yellows. Dichromatism is the most common form of color blindness, affecting about 7 percent of men and less than 1 percent of women. Dichromatism is identified as a sex-linked hereditary characteristic. Color blindness also may occur as a temporary condition following a serious illness.

Answer 2

The three types of cones in the retina of the eye are responsible for color vision.

One type of cone recognizes certain range of wavelengths as aspects of blue, others see only red and others see only green.

Mixing them together in the eye’s “palette”, forms all the other colors.

Reduced number of cones of a given type is called ‘color blindness’; better to be termed as ‘color confusion’.

It is extremely rare that a person will have a total inability to see color.

If all the three types of cones are affected, the result is someone who sees the world like a black-and-white movie. But such conditions are rare.

The most confused colors are red and green.

Though women are not totally immune to color blindness, it is mostly men who are affected.

The gene linked to color vision is carried on the X chromosomes.

Women have two X chromosomes; rarely the defect is carried on by both X chromosomes.

Answer 3

DocAlex is closest. A normal eye contains three different dyes, which absorb at different places in the spectrum. The required proteins are encoded as genes in DNA, with the red- and green-sensitive dyes being encoded in adjacent locations on the X chromosome, and the blue-sensitive dye encoded in one of the non-sex chromosomes. Since there is only one copy of the X chromosome in males, an error in the gene for either dye will cause blindness for the related color. Females, having two X chromosomes, are less susceptible to color blindness because only one copy of the X needs to be working. Blue colorblindness is rare because there are two copies of the gene. Since colorblindness is genetic, you either have it or you don't -- you cannot get it or lose it.

Answer 4

Vision is caused when light hits a molecule called rhodopsin, causing it to change shape from teh cis to the trans form. this change of shape is sensed by a protein that then transmits the nerve influx further along.
Rhodopsin is attached to a large protein whose amino acid side chains modulate the frequency of the ligh t that cayuses the change, which allows us to see colors.
Unfortunately, the sequence of teh red and green proteins are extremely identical, so that sometimes the body, doesnt recongnize the green and red proteins as different and eleminates teh DNA of one of teh proteins, causing a lack of either the green or red protein, which causes red-green color blindness which is teh most commopn form
Rarely, errors in the DNA coding for teh blue proten happen, which can cause, total color blindness.
Color-blind peopel dont usually see the world in black and white, often they see shades of brown. They are just not able to tell certain colors apart

Answer 5

First step should be to examine the physiology of the individual's retina. I am not sure as to how color's are decoded, but I would wager that color differentiation is based on rate of signaling produced by quanta depositing on the color receptors in the eye. More quanta = higher frequency = faster signaling and / or higher chemical concentrations developed in retina, which could also translate into different voltage potentials or signalling frequencies. In individuals with color blindness, it could be possible that certain signalling frequencies could be attenuated by complex impedance of the physiology of the individuals nervous system b/w retina and region of the brain that interprets ocular nervous signals.

Answer 6

Photoreceptor cells are found in the retina of the eye and are responsible for transducing, or converting, light into nerve signals that can be ultimately transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. In vertebrates, there are two types of photoreceptor cells: rods and cones. Cones are adapted to detect colors, and function well in bright light; rods are more sensitive, but do not detect color well, being adapted for low light.
The cones are further subdivided into three subcategories that receive the each of the three basic colors: red, green and blue. Color blindness is a case where one or more subgroups are missing. In my case (the most common type), the green receptors are missing, but it can be any combination of red, green and blue receptors that are missing.

Answer 7

I don't know if you've seen this website or not, but I found it and it seems to really describe color blindness to it's fullest. There's way too much to post, so I'll give you the link in hopes that it helps. If not, then, I tried ^^;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blindness