Answer to French Revolution was given by me some time back today.... Below giving you details of Russian Revolution... You can yourself compare the reasons...
Russian Revolution can refer to the following events in the history of Russia:
The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a series of strikes and violent anti-government protests against Tsar Nicholas II
The Russian Revolution of 1917, which included:
February Revolution, which resulted in the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia
October Revolution, which was the Bolshevik seizure of power
The Third Russian Revolution was the failed anarchist revolution against the Bolsheviks and the White movement 1918 - 1922
When the year is not indicated in the reference, the term "Russian Revolution", if used as a time mark, usually refers to the October Revolution of 1917, whereas references to the revolution of 1905 always mention the year and references to the February Revolution always mention the month
2006-07-07 00:53:04
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answer #1
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answered by cookie 2
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Causes of the Russian Revolution
1917 saw two distinct Revolutions in Russia: the overthrow of the Tsarist regime and formation of the Provisional Government (February Revolution), and the October Revolution in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government. The causes of these two revolutions encompass Russia’s political, social, and economic situation. Politically, the people of Russia resented the autocracy of Tsar Nicholas II and the corrupt and anachronistic elements in his government. Socially, Tsarist Russia stood well behind the rest of Europe in its industry and farming, resulting in few opportunities for fair advancement on the part of peasants and industrial workers. Economically, widespread inflation and food shortages in Russia contributed to the revolution. Militarily, inadequate supplies, logistics, and weaponry led to heavy losses that the Russians suffered during World War I; this further weakened Russia’s view of Nicholas II.
Ultimately, a combination of these four, coupled with the development of revolutionary ideas and movements (particularly since the 1905 Bloody Sunday Massacre) led to the Russian Revolution.
Causes of the French Revolution
Political and Social Inequalities
France still practised feudalism in the 18th century. The nobles and clergy enjoyed special privileges. They did not have to pay taxes. The common people did not have power and freedom in politics. They worked hard and had to pay heavy taxes. The nobles and clergy made up the First and Second Estates in the Estates General. The common people (i.e. the middle class (bourgeoisie), peasants and artisans) made up the Third Estate. The nobles and clergy could outvote the common people easily though the Estates General was always not called by the king, who ruled as an absolute monarch. The common people became discontented with the privileged classes.
Bankruptcy of the Government
Louis XIV had spent too much. His successors did not cut down expenses. Louis XVI also failed to improve the financial situation. He dismissed ministers who tried to introduce financial reforms. By 1789, the government was bankrupt.
Influence of the Enlightenment and the American Revolution
The ideas and writings of Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau became widespread. The French people were inspired to go against their king.
The suucess of the Americans to overthrow British rule encouraged the French to fight for their freedom.
Outbreak of revolution 1789
When Louis XVI finally called the Estates General to solve financial difficulties, the Third Estate did not agree with the unfair system of the Estates General. They formed the National Assembly to make a constitution. People were afraid that the king would suppress the National Assembly. They were also discontented that the king dismissed Necker, the popular Finance Minister. The hungry Parisians, who suffered from bad harvest, burst out their anger by attacking the Bastille prison (for political prisoners). The Fall of Bastille started the French Revolution. It spread out to other parts of France.
2006-07-07 05:18:50
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answer #2
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answered by samanthajanecaroline 6
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Okeedokie....let's see if I remembered anything from all those years of college.
I guess it's safe to assume that both countries wanted more reforms of some kind of democratic nature (in other words, they were sick and tired of the monarchial crap that had been going on for centuries).
Both monarchs (King Louis XVI and Tsar Nicholas II) were very weak and very out of touch with their countrymen. And both of them were part of dynasties that had been in effect for centuries. They were both overthrown by their fellow citizens and both were executed (King Louis met his match with the "national razor" a.k.a the guillotine and Nicholas was executed via a firing squad in a basement along with his family).
As far as France is concerned, it was divided by three estates; the Catholic Church, nobility/royalty, and the third estate was everyone else. Soon, people were getting tired of being a "servant" to a French king who believed that God gave him the right to rule. Enlightenment ideas came out of this French Revolution and American politicians Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson both embraced these ideas and brought them back to the U.S.
Russia has had a HUGE peasant population for hundreds of years and with the first world war underway, supplies and finances were, well, not good. In 1905, groups of peasants led by an Orthodox priest named Father Gapon (they wanted reform, free speech, etc) were shot at by the palace guards (the Tsar was on vacation at the time and didn't know about it until later). Tsar Nicholas continued to be ineffective when he ignored the demands of a representative government (he, too, believed that God gave him the right to rule).
When the Bolsheviks took over, part of their inspiration was from the French Revolution and even the Red Army Choir still sings "La Marsailles" (can't spell it). The Russian Revolution introduced Communism to Russia and it stayed there for a little over 70 years or so until 1991.
There is a European history podcast (an actual history course from UC Berkeley) that explains more about this. Look it up in the educational section of iTunes.
I would also recommend "Dawn of Decadence" by Jaques Barzun. It's a LOOOOONG read but it's very informative. Also try "Europe: A History" by Norman Davies, which is also very long but very informative.
2006-07-07 08:28:16
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answer #3
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answered by chrstnwrtr 7
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very very brief summary:
both Revolutions were caused in part by a general dissatisfaction with the ruling class of the country by its citizens. Especially when poverty among the working-class was so rampant during these time periods and the royal families appeared, and indeed were, very disattached from their own country's issues.
the difference between the Revolutions is that, while they were both successful, they resulted in two different forms of government. When the Russians rose against the tsar, they established the USSR, a communist government. When the French overthrew their monarchy, they established a democracy/republic-type government, not completely unlike the United State's.
I hope this helped you begin formulating ideas for your essay?
2006-07-07 04:14:19
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answer #4
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answered by andio 1
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