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2006-07-05 02:25:24 · 14 answers · asked by btissam 1 in Arts & Humanities History

14 answers

Albert Einstein
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921
Biography
Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six weeks later the family moved to Munich and he began his schooling there at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree.

During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945.

After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance.

At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.

In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.

In the 1920's, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology.

After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists.

Einstein's researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.

Albert Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities. During the 1920's he lectured in Europe, America and the Far East and he was awarded Fellowships or Memberships of all the leading scientific academies throughout the world. He gained numerous awards in recognition of his work, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935.

Einstein's gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in intellectual solitude and, for relaxation, music played an important part in his life. He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and they had a daughter and two sons; their marriage was dissolved in 1919 and in the same year he married his cousin, Elsa Löwenthal, who died in 1936. He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey.

From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967

This autobiography/biography was first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.


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* Albert Einstein was formally associated with the Institute for Advanced Study located in Princeton, New Jersey.

2006-07-05 02:28:56 · answer #1 · answered by Bolan 6 · 15 2

Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a German-born, Swiss/American theoretical physicist widely regarded as the most important scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest physicists of all time. He formulated the theory of special relativity in 1905 and expanded it to the theory of general relativity in 1916; moreover, he made significant contributions to quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and cosmology. He was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect in 1905 (his "wonderful year") and "for his services to Theoretical Physics."


Try:
http://www.westegg.com/einstein/
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein
http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/

2006-07-05 02:30:09 · answer #2 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

Einstein, Albert

(īn´stīn) , 1879—1955, American theoretical physicist, known for the formulation of the relativity theory, b. Ulm, Germany. He is recognized as one of the greatest physicists of all time.

Life

Einstein lived as a boy in Munich and Milan, continued his studies at the cantonal school at Aarau, Switzerland, and was graduated (1900) from the Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich. Later he became a Swiss citizen. He was examiner (1902—9) at the patent office, Bern. During this period he obtained his doctorate (1905) at the Univ. of Zürich, evolved the special theory of relativity, explained the photoelectric effect, and studied the motion of atoms, on which he based his explanation of Brownian movement. In 1909 his work had already attracted attention among scientists, and he was offered an adjunct professorship at the Univ. of Zürich. He resigned that position in 1910 to become full professor at the German Univ., Prague, and in 1912 he accepted the chair of theoretical physics at the Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich.

By 1913 Einstein had won international fame and was invited by the Prussian Academy of Sciences to come to Berlin as titular professor of physics and as director of theoretical physics at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. He assumed these posts in 1914 and subsequently resumed his German citizenship. For his work in theoretical physics, notably on the photoelectric effect, he received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics. His property was confiscated (1934) by the Nazi government because he was Jewish, and he was deprived of his German citizenship. He had previously accepted (1933) a post at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, which he held until his death in 1955. An ardent pacifist, Einstein was long active in the cause of world peace; however, in 1939, at the request of a group of scientists, he wrote to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to stress the urgency of investigating the possible use of atomic energy in bombs. In 1940 he became an American citizen.

2006-07-05 02:29:01 · answer #3 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

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2016-05-01 03:39:04 · answer #4 · answered by ? 3 · 0 0

Not sure on the mathemetician who first discovered it, but pi is the result of an equation with infinite steps. pi = 4/1-4/3+4/5-4/7+4/9-4/11+4/13-4/15 etc.... to infinity If carried out to infinite steps, it would give the full number of pi. However, it truncates pi very slowly, as it requires 300 terms just to stay on 3.14. There are many mathemeticians with equations to calculate pi, but this was the first one, so if you can find out who made it, he would be a nice person to start with

2016-03-27 04:42:02 · answer #5 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

hi whoever ask this question and answered this . I really thankful to them.
I just remembered one incident. me and one of my mates had a big fight about this only quite recently.
He is big fan of albert einestein.. I replied quite general way - such as he is great scientist etc
Because he is soo into Einestein .. he did not like the fact that i just gave the abstract answer.
we had big row over it.
Aravind . if you are reading this.. hi mate... you read this question and answers.. you may feel happy , because all this regard to your albert einestein
bye thank u
regards
rekha

2006-07-05 02:35:39 · answer #6 · answered by Rekha 2 · 0 0

www.tonyattwood.com

Expert on Asperger Syndrome... he lists Albert Einstein as possibly having suffered from AS, long before we understood the syndrome.

My ex and son have it... and this guy knows his onions on the subject!

2006-07-05 02:32:18 · answer #7 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

A little-known fact about Mr. Einstein: he was Jewish. That's why his family fled Germany.

2006-07-05 02:41:14 · answer #8 · answered by la_nena_sabe... 5 · 0 0

He was pretty clever, he is dead, he fancied Marilyn Monroe (but who didn't?), he came up with the formula E=McSquared, and I gleaned most of this information from the song of that name by Big Audio Dynamite that came out in 1987.

2006-07-05 17:57:51 · answer #9 · answered by Kango Man 5 · 0 0

I'm not an einstein ya know!!

-or-
you can try here..

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html

2006-07-05 02:28:12 · answer #10 · answered by MK6 7 · 0 0

i know that he worked in the patent office and signed the patent for toblerone....

oh and he never wore socks apparently

2006-07-05 02:30:11 · answer #11 · answered by shed_end2005 1 · 0 0

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