Both Fermintation and cellular respiration ordinarily begin with what molecule?

Answer 1

Glycolysis: harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate.
Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway during which six-carbon glucose is split into 2 three- carbon sugars,which are then oxidized and rearranged to produce two pyruvate molecules.
Each reaction is catalyzed by specific enzymes dissolved in the cytosol.
No carbon dioxide is released as glucose is oxidized to pyruvate. All the carbon can be accounted for in the 2 molecules of pyruvate.
It occurs under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
The process occurs in two phases: The energy investment phase and the energy yielding phase.


The Krebs Cycle: completes the energy yielding oxidation of organic molecules.
Most of the chemical energy originally stores in glucose still remains in the two pyruvate molecules produced by glycolysis. The fate of pyruvate depends upon the presence or absence of oxygen. If oxygen is present, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion where it is completely oxidized by a series of enzyme-controlled reactions. The junction between glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle is the formation of Acetyl-CoA. The Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaclacetic acid to begin the cycle. This process occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
The Electron Transport Chain: is made of electron carrier molecules embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Each successive carrier in the chain has a higher electronegativity than the carrier befor it, so the electrons are pulled down hill toward the oxygen.
Except for ubiquinone (Q), most of the carriers are protein containing a non -protein cofactor.
The cofactors alternate between an oxidized and reduced state as they accept and donate electrons.
Protein Electron CarriersCoFactor Groups
Flavoproteinsflavin mononucleotide (FMN)
iron-sulfur proteinsiron and sulfur
cytochromesheme group


Fermentation: a cell process that can produce ATP without the presence of oxygen. Glucose is used to begin the process. Fermentation recycles NAD+ from NADH. The two most common forms of fermentation are: 1) alcoholic and 2). lactic acid fermentation.

Answer 2

Glucose is oxidized into 2 pyruvate molecules, after several small chemical reactions, if Oxygen is present then the pyruvate molecules will move into the Kreb's Cycle. If Oxyygen is not present then fermentation occurs.

Answer 3

Glucose.

Answer 4

Oxygen?There is anaerobic fermentation,though,isn't there?

Answer 5

oxygen

Answer 6

O2

Answer 7

oxygen?