The Four River Valley Civilisations of yore are
The Indus valley civilisation-It flowered on the bnks of a river known as Saraswati in India but with the drying up of the river it slowly crumbled and disappeared. It is much older than the Vedic Hindu civlisation which flowered on the banks of the Ganges.
The Egyptian (Mishr) civilisation which was the gift of the Nile
The Mesopotium Civilsaion which came up between the two ivers Tigris and Euphratis .The country was formerly known as Mesopotemia(Now Iraq)
The Vedic(or Hindu) civilisation which spread on the banks of the rivers Ganges and Jamna. While all the previous three civilsations are mattters or history the Vedic one survives almost inthe ancient form to this day.In fact some of the load of history lies heavily round its neck and it is in the process of throwing it away and rejuvinte it.
2006-06-28 13:40:13
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answer #1
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answered by Prabhakar G 6
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Sumerian, Egyptian, Chinese and Indian.
Two rivers flow from the mountain of what is now Turkey, down through Syria and Iraq, and finally to the Persian Gulf. Six thousand years ago, the waters of these rivers provided the lifeblood that allowed the formation of farming settlements. These grew into villages and then cities. This pattern would also occur along other river systems in northern Africa, India, and China, as the world's first civilizations developed.
Information:
" There is an arc of rich land in Southwest Asia
that is called the Fertile Crescent. Two of its
rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, flow southeastward
toward the Persian Gulf. Each spring the
snow in nearby Turkish mountains melts, swelling
the rivers. This flooding leaves rich mud in the
plain between the rivers. Because of this, many
thousands of years ago humans began to settle in
that plain, known as Mesopotamia. They grew
wheat and barley. It was here that the first civilization
began.
About 3500 B.C., the Sumerians moved into this
region and settled. They faced three problems. First,
the floods were not regular. One year they would
come in April, and the next year they might come
in June. Once the flood passed, the hot sun quickly
baked the land into clay. Second, the small farming
villages had no protection against enemies. Third, the
area lacked stone, wood, and metal to use for tools.
The Sumerians solved these problems. They dug
ditches from the river to their fields so they could
bring water to their crops. They built walls of baked
mud around their villages for defense. Because
they could grow more food than they needed, they
traded the extra for stone, wood, and metal from
other lands.
Several large city-states were at the center of
the Sumerian world. These cities had control over
a surrounding area and could act independently
much like a country does today. Slowly some people
rose to power in many of the city-states. They
became rulers, as did their children after them. Rule
of an area by the same family is called a dynasty.
The Sumerians believed in many gods, each of
whom had power over different forces of nature or
parts of their lives. People, they thought, were just
the servants of the gods. They believed that the
souls of the dead went to a joyless place under the
earth’s crust. These views spread to other areas and
shaped the ideas of other peoples.
Society was divided into social classes. At the top
were the priests and kings, after whom came wealthy
merchants. Next were ordinary Sumerian workers
in fields and workshops. Slaves made up the lowest
level. Women could enter most careers and could
own property, but there were some limits on them.
The people of Sumer invented the sail, the wheel,
and the plow. They were the first to use bronze.
They also developed the first writing system—on
clay tablets. They invented arithmetic and geometry,
which they used to help them build large structures.
Centuries of fighting between the city-states
made the Sumerians weak. In 2350 B.C., the conqueror
Sargon defeated Sumer and captured other
cities to the north. By bringing together many different
groups, he made the world’s first empire. It
spread the culture of Sumer to a wider area. A few
hundred years later, a different group of people
conquered the Sumerian region. These people were
led by a king named Hammurabi, who is famous
for his code of laws. It was a harsh code that punished
people for wrongdoing. However, it also made
it clear that the government had some responsibility
for taking care of its people".
2006-06-28 13:08:10
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answer #3
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answered by ? 5
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Egypt, Mesopatamia, Indus I just remember three rite now
2006-06-28 13:04:15
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answer #4
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answered by alanameadows 1
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