What began the student volunteer movement?

Question

1. Mount Hermon Conference
2. The Chautauqua Movement
3. The Haystack Prayer Meeting
4. a revival

Answer 1

The SVM began as a result of the Mount Hermon Conference

"It all began in July, 1886, when Dwight L. Moody held a Bible study conference of collegiate chapters of the YMCA at Mount Hermon, Massachusetts. Two hundred and fifty men from eighty-seven colleges met for a month. Student Robert Wilder, who had founded the Princeton Foreign Missionary Society, arranged a set of special meetings on missions at the Mount Hermon Conference. Arthur T. Pierson spoke to the students and encouraged them to evangelize the world in their generation. One hundred students at the conference volunteered to serve in overseas missions."
http://chi.gospelcom.net/GLIMPSEF/Glimpses/glmps081.shtml


As for your other specific choices:

"The Haystack Prayer Meeting" held at Williams College in August 1806 (which ALSO involved a group of college students) is credited as launching the modern missionary movement.
http://www.urbana.org/_articles.cfm?RecordId=899

"The Chautauqua Movement" was more of a "social gospel movement" that grew out of the Methodist Episcopal Church's summer training sessions for its Sunday school teachers and church workers. It was at he annual assembly in 1874, at Lake Chataqua (western New York) that the decision was made to broaden this curriculum to include the arts, humanities and sciences. Thereafter, each summer they held eight-week sessions which were later opened to the public.
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1202.html

Answer 2

A revival