Infant hydrocephalus is often a result of?

Question

a. fluid secretion into the central canal; b. blocked drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); c. excess drainage of CSF into the venous system; d. lipid deposits in endothelial cells; e. crenation of blood cells

Answer 1

Causes

Hydrocephalus can be present at birth (congenital hydrocephalus) or you can develop it later (acquired hydrocephalus). Hydrocephalus results when the flow of cerebrospinal fluid is disrupted or when your body doesn't absorb CSF properly. CSF provides a number of important functions, including acting as a cushion to protect your brain and bringing nutrients to your brain.

Inside your brain are four ventricles. CSF flows through the ventricles by way of channels that connect one ventricle to another. Once CSF passes through the ventricles, it flows into closed spaces (cisterns) at the base of your brain. Eventually, the CSF is absorbed into your bloodstream. Keeping the production, flow and absorption of CSF in balance is important to maintaining normal pressure inside your skull.

Defective absorption of CSF causes normal pressure hydrocephalus, seen most often in older people. In normal pressure hydrocephalus, excess CSF enlarges the ventricles but does not increase pressure on the brain. Normal pressure hydrocephalus may be the result of injury or illness, but in most cases the cause is unknown.

The main causes
The causes of hydrocephalus fall into two main categories:

Obstructive (noncommunicating). This type of hydrocephalus results from an obstruction within the ventricular system of the brain that prevents CSF from flowing or "communicating" normally within the brain. Aqueductal stenosis, a narrowing of a channel in the brain that connects two ventricles, is one of the most common types of obstructive hydrocephalus.
Nonobstructive (communicating). This type of hydrocephalus results from problems with the production or absorption of CSF. A common cause is bleeding into the subarachnoid space in the brain (subarachnoid hemorrhage).
Doctors don't completely understand the specific causes of hydrocephalus. For congenital hydrocephalus, the causes may be genetic disposition or a developmental problem. The most common developmental problems that may lead to hydrocephalus include failure of the tissue surrounding the spinal cord to close properly (spina bifida) and herniation of the brain (encephalocele). For acquired hydrocephalus, the cause may be a disease or condition such as encephalitis, meningitis or a brain tumor that causes blood vessels in the brain to rupture and bleed. Or the cause may be a head injury.

Answer 2

clinical care contains determining the reason and treating it if accessible. as an party if there's a tumor or some type of compression this is causing the CSF pass to be obstructed then surgical resection of the tumor is indicated. some each individual is born with hydrocephalus (congenital). If the underlying reason won't be able to be fixed then a shunt is positioned to assist drain the CSF. As previously pronounced it really is mostly a ventriculoperitoneal shunt which drains the CSF into the tummy. The shunt is everlasting. There are temporary drains that could be used contained in the severe placing even as different diagnostic or healing interventions are being finished contained in the hopes of heading off a extra everlasting technique. those drains (exterior ventricular drains or EVD) require hospitalization and commonly an ICU stay as they require close monitoring to maintain away from an infection and dislodgement and monitoring of the intracranial pressure (ICP).

Answer 3

http://www.hydroassoc.org/information/infant.html
Causes of Hydrocephalus

A variety of medical problems can cause hydrocephalus. In many children the problem is there at birth - this kind of hydrocephalus is referred to as congenital. Most cases of congenital hydrocephalus are thought to be caused by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Hydrocephalus that develops later in life in some children, and even in adults, but is caused by a condition that existed at birth, is still considered a form of congenital hydrocephalus. When hydrocephalus develops after birth and is caused by a factor such as head injury, meningitis or a brain tumor, it is termed acquired hydrocephalus. Parents must not blame themselves for their child's hydrocephalus. In almost all cases the circumstances contributing to a child's condition are beyond the parent's control.

Answer 4

b. blocked drainage of CSF

Answer 5

Looks like the answer is "B".

Here's a link with more info -
http://www.hmc.psu.edu/pediatricneurosurgery/services/hydrocephalus.htm

Answer 6

B