it's all about biotechnology...?

Question

can you give me the meanings of these please!! i need logical answers please...
a. cell fusion
b. tissue culture
c. recombinant DNA
d. embro transfer
e. artificial insemination
f. protoplast fusion
g. test tube baby

Answer 1

a.cell fusion -2 Living cells fused using synthetic medium artificially, it casues karyoplast fusion as well as cytoplast fusion, When an undifferentiated stem cell fuses with a mature differentiated cell, the resultant cell can retain the mature cell

b.Tissue culture - A branch of biotechnology working using invtro cell lines in a petridish growing in 37 degree incubator with 5% Carbon dioxide.. example Hela cell lines - A cell line obtained from Henrita laks ( other exapmles like tissues cut from kidney or other tissues and homogeneous suspension is made and grown in dishes to study drug targetting and for transfection.Also in plants small part of bud is cultured in a test tube with appropriate shoot inducing and rooinducing hormones to get plants with desired charecters .A biotechnology teaching college is incomplete without a tissue culture lab aslo known as cell culture lab

c.Recombinent DNA - Most of the times bacterial plasmids are engineered to ligate with gene of interest using enzymes to obtain required protein ,usually used for commercial purpose and also for research purpose ( recombining DNA -a major feild also called as genetic engineering )

d.Embryo transfer - 2 kinds of embryo transfers are commenly seen .One in the laboratory,it is done using mouse embryos, after embryo manipulations , to obtain transgenic animals or knock out animals or for other purposes embryos are transfered to a surrogate mother ,It is done in two ways. uterine or oviduct (depending on the stage of the embryo) , 2nd one ,in hosipitals invitro clininc IVF therapy ,Embryos are transferred using a cappilary pipe and a syringe,through the vegina ( generally in blastocyst stage)to the mother after invitro fertilisation for those mothes who has problem in natural fertilsation and also for various other reasons ,to get disigned babies .Embryo transfers are also practicved in other animals as well .Dolly is also a gud example born after embryo transfer after somatic cell nuclear transfer

e.Artificial insemination - Here sperm is placed into a female's uterus by artificial means unlike natural copulation.Semen is collected, extended, then cooled or frozen. It can be used on site or shipped to the female's location.artificial insemination were first developed for the dairy cattle industry to allow many cows to be impregnated with the sperm of a bull with traits for improved milk production.and also in other animals .In humans artificial insemination is usually part of an infertility treatment; either the woman's partner's sperm (artificial insemination by husband, AIH) or donor sperm (artificial insemination by donor, AID) can be used.

f.protoplast fusion - a technique used to generate genetically modified fruits,Protoplast is nothing but cell minus cell wall , so two protoplasts are fused from two fruits after removing cell wall using generally PEG and sendiviruses to enhance fusion .Generally it causes somatic cell fusion.Protoplasts are useful in genetic manipulations because they do not have cell walls. They are ideal targets for taking up naked DNA and for fusing with protoplasts of other related species. In the related genus, Episcia, some species and selections have true yellow and red flowers. this procedure has been successfully applied for plant regeneration from African violet protoplasts to protoplasts of Episcia cupreata Tropical Topaz .Several researchers have emphasized production of hybrids between distantly related, sexually incompatible species, not all are success stories there are more failure also .

g. test tube baby - A test-tube baby is the term that refers to a
child that is conceived outside the woman's body. The first
successful test-tube baby was born in England in 1978 and since then.over 20,000 test-tube babies have been born worldwide. The process is referred to as in vitro (outside the body) fertilization.Simply put, eggs are removed from the mother's ovary and incubated with sperm from the father. After fertilization, the "pre-embryos" are allowed to divide 2-4 times (in a "test-tube", hence the name) and then returned to the mother's uterus where they can develop normally. This procedure is one of many Artificial Reproductive Technologies (ART) that are used when conception has not been otherwise successful due to fertility problems of either the mother or father or both.The world's first test-tube baby, Louise Brown, turns 28 this year

Answer 2

a.) The nondestructive merging of the contents of two cells by artificial means, resulting in a heterokaryon that will reproduce genetically alike, multinucleated progeny for a few generations.

b.) The technique or process of keeping tissue alive and growing in a culture medium.

c.) Genetically engineered DNA prepared by transplanting or splicing genes from one species into the cells of a host organism of a different species. Such DNA becomes part of the host's genetic makeup and is replicated.

d.) The process in which an egg that has been fertilized in vitro is transferred into a recipient's uterus.

e.) Introduction of semen into the vagina or uterus without sexual contact.

f.) ???
Protoplast - The living material of a plant or bacterial cell, including the protoplasm and plasma membrane after the cell wall has been removed.
Fusion - The act or procedure of liquefying or melting by the application of heat.

g.) A baby developed from an egg that was fertilized outside the body and then implanted in the uterus of the biological or surrogate mother.

Answer 3

a. it's the production of a cell
b. idk
c. DNA that's been reconstructed
d. transfer of embryos from one place to another, usually test tube to woman or vice versa
e. an impregnated egg put into the womb with some device
f. idk
g. a baby grown in test tubes

Answer 4

looks like a homework assignment to me!