What are the signs and symptoms of shock?

Question

severe hypotension......... what else?

Answer 1

Signs and symptoms
Hypovolaemic shock
Anxiety, restlessness, altered mental state due to decreased cerebral perfusion and and subsequent hypoxia.
Hypotension due to decrease in circulatory volume.
A rapid, weak, thready pulse due to decreased blood flow combined with tachycardia.
Cool, clammy skin due to vasoconstriction and stimulation of sweat glands.
Oliguria (low urine output) due to renal artery vasonconstriction.
Rapid and deep respirations due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation and acidosis.
Hypothermia due to decreased perfusion and evaporation of sweat.
Thirst and dry mouth, due to fluid depeletion.
Fatigue due to inadequate oxygenation.
Cold and mottled skin (cutis marmorata), especially exteremities, due to insufficient perfusion of the skin.
Cardiogenic shock, similar to hypovolaemic shock but in addition:
Distended jugular veins due to increased jugular venous pressure.
Absent pulse due to tachyarrhythmia.
Obstructive shock, similar to hypovolaemic shock but in addition:
Distended jugular veins due to increased jugular venous pressure.
Pulsus paradoxus in case of tamponade
Septic shock, similar to hypovolaemic shock except in the first stages:
Pyrexia and fever, or hypothermia, due to overwhelming bacterial infection.
Vasodilation and increased cardiac output due to sepsis.
Neurogenic shock, similar to hypovolaemic shock in its presentation.
Anaphylactic shock
Skin eruptions and large weals.
Localised edema, especially around the face.
Weak and rapid pulse.
Breathlessness and cough due to occlusion of airways and swelling of the throat.
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Treatment
In the early stages, shock requires immediate intervention to preserve life. Therefore, the early recognition and treatment depends on the transfer to a hospital.

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First aid
First aid treatment of shock includes:

Immediate reassurance and comforting the casualty if conscious.
If alone, go for help. If not, send someone to go for help and someone stay with the casualty.
Ensure the patency of the airway and assess breathing. Position in the recovery position if able.
Attempt to stem any obvious haemorrhaging.
Cover the patient with a blanket or jacket, but not too thick to cause vasodilation.
Do not give a drink, moisten lips if requested.
Prepare for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Give as much information when the ambulance arrives.
The management of shock requires immediate intervention, even before a diagnosis is made. Re-establishing perfusion to the organs is the primary goal through restoring and maintaining the blood circulating volume ensuring oxygenation and blood pressure are adequate; achieving and maintaining effective cardiac function and preventing complications. Patients attending with the symptoms of shock will have, regardless of the type of shock, their airway managed and oxygen therapy initiated. In case of respiratory insufficiency (i.e. diminished levels of consciousness, hyperventilation due to acid-base disturbances or pneumonia) intubation and mechanical ventilation may be necessary. A paramedic may intubate in emergencies outside the hospital, whereas a patient with respiratory insufficiency in-hospital will be intubated usually by a physician.

Answer 2

signs, what you would notice when dealing with the victim,are low blood pressure, weak rapid pulse, mental confusion anxiousness or restlessness, cool pale skin,possible cold sweat, loss of bladder and bowel control, rapid shallow breathing like hyperventilation, and weakness,
it is a severe life threatening situation. part of the cause is that there is not enough blood carrying 02 to the brain. do everything to get blood flow to head, warm victim seek help etc. this is not the place to teach or to learn first aid. Local ambulance services such a Saint John's or the red cross have good course at very,very reasonable rates , usually free for first level first aid course.

Answer 3

There are so many signs of shock, beacuse people handle it in different ways. Some don't even show signs until later, hours or even days. Diassociation, disbelief, uncontrollable laughing, crying, it is just so hard to tell.

Answer 4

uncontrolable shaking