In India household electric supply and higher is in multiple of 11 such as 220 , 440, 11000 or 22000 volt why?

Answer 1

Namaste!
Being someone that travels to India 3 months out of the year, the question should be why do the lights go out so often. And do I have a good diesel generator hanging around?

The simple answer is convention!

Indians and most of the world are smarter than Americans. Americans are such wooses they are afraid to use 220V..which is more efficient: much less line loss and 2phase? motors use much less electricity; but it packs twice the wallop. Hence we American waste electricity in direct proportion to our woosiness. There is a Volt to Woose formula but I can't seem to find it now.

And then there is the famous quote from Thelsa, "How many Americans should we sacrifice to save a zigawatt".

Answer 2

I'm sure India chose these voltages simply because the United States and many other countries use them, and the equipment to generate and use the power are readily available.

220 volts was chosen because 110 volts was already in common use, and a 220 volt service supply into a house can operate 220 volt devices, and by using either leg against the common ground, can also operate 110 volt devices.

Yes, a higher voltage than 110, and also a higher frequency than 60Hz, would be more efficient and would permit smaller transformers and motors. Looking at household wiring of that era convinces me that the lower voltage probably saved some lives.

Why 110 rather than 90 or 107 or something else? No clue!
I've seen household nominal voltages also of 115, 117, and 120.

Answer 3

V=IR. I think it has to do with the resistance of copper. If you want a specific ampage to operate equipment, and the resistivity of copper is fixed, then the voltage must be a multiple of the desired ampage and copper's resistivity.

The resistivity of pure copper is 1.7 × 10-8 Ω•m.
R = pl/A (pretend the p is a rho, for resistivity)
Resistance = resistivity * length / area.
Most wires come in standard sizes (area) and lengths from the local (at the house) transformer to go into the house.

Finally, the powers-that-be once decided to keep voltages uniform to make electric equipment portable. In the USA it's 110V, most everywhere else it's 220V.

Answer 4

it truly is rooted in history, and it hasn't been replaced with the aid of fact there is no reason to. yet truly nominal voltage is 117 or 118 volts, or two times that, no longer a hundred and ten. Edison spent lots time finding out what voltage to apply for his gentle bulbs. Too intense a voltage made the bulbs too confusing to manufacture. too low made it confusing to pipe the DC voltage around, because it greater the cord length. he finally compromised on one hundred volts. Then he extra 10 volts to permit for line drops to get a generator voltage of a hundred and ten volts. .

Answer 5

It has to do with how the electrclity is generated. It is at a frequency of 50Hz in India. Supply considerations and scalbility dictate these voltage settings.

Answer 6

Thats actually a more efficient way of transmitting electricity over long distances.
the lower voltages would require alot more energy loss