What are oxidative fibers?

Answer 1

There are three types of muscles in the human body - skeletal, smooth and cardiac, which differ in their structure, innervation, and function. This lab deals almost exclusively with the skeletal muscle system, which also has three different types categorized by their maximal shortening velocity and the major pathway used to form ATP. There are fast and slow fibers, and glycolytic or oxidative fibers.

Skeletal muscle has myosin isozymes which differ in their maximal rates of ATP splitting, which affects the rate of cross-bridge cycling, and hence the rate of contraction. Fast fibers have isozymes with high ATP-ase activity, while slow fiber isozymes have low activity.

Oxidative fibers are supplied with numerous small blood vessels, lots of myoglobin, many mitochondria, and thus a high capacity for oxidative phosphorylation (the regeneration of ATP from various energy stores). The myoglobin affects the diffusion rate for oxygen, and also gives the muscle its characteristic red appearance. Because of all of this cellular capability for ATP production, oxidative fibers fatigue far slower than glycolytic fibers. Glycolytic fibers have low mitochondria levels, but large stores of glycogen and glycolytic enzymes. Because they are typically not as rich in myoglobin, they are white in appearance. Glycolytic fibers are also somewhat larger in diameter, and can produce more force because of this greater cross-sectional area.

Answer 2

Slow Oxidative Fibers

Answer 3

Fast Glycolytic Fibers

Answer 4

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What are oxidative fibers?

Answer 5

Type I
Type I muscle fibers (slow-oxidative fibers) use primarily cellular respiration and, as a result, have relatively high endurance. To support their high-oxidative metabolism, these muscle fibers typically have lots of mitochondria and myoglobin, and thus appear red or what is typically termed "dark" meat in poultry. Type I muscle fibers are typically found in muscles of animals that require endurance, such as chicken leg muscles or the wing muscles of migrating birds (e.g., geese).

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Type II
Type II muscle fibers use primarily anaerobic metabolism and have relatively low endurance. Due to their low-oxidative demand, these muscle fibers have low levels of mitochondria and myoglobin, and thus appear white. These muscle fibers are typically used during tasks requiring short bursts of strength, such as sprints or weightlifting. Type II muscle fibers cannot sustain contractions for significant lengths of time, and are typically found in the white meat (e.g., the breast) of chicken.

There are two sub-classes of type II muscle fibers, type IIa (Fast-Oxidative) and IIb (Fast-Glycolytic). Type IIb (Fast-Glycolytic) tire the fastest, and are the prevalent type in sedentary individuals. Some research suggests that these subtypes can switch with training to some degree.

The biochemical difference between the three types of muscle fibers is their myosin heavy chains.

Answer 6

There are slow oxidative and fast oxidative fibers (also fast gycolytic) in animal muscle. they are named for how they are powered.

Answer 7

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Slow twitch muscle fibres are good for endurance activities like long distance running or cycling. They can work for a long time without getting tired. Fast twitch muscles are good for rapid movements like jumping to catch a ball or sprinting for the bus. They contract quickly, but get tired fast, as they consume lots of energy. Muscles that contain a lot of slow twitch fibres are red, because they contain lots of blood vessels. Slow twitch muscle fibres rely on a rich supply of oxygenated blood as they use oxygen to produce energy for muscle contraction. Fast twitch muscle fibres don't use oxygen to make energy, so they don't need such a rich blood supply. This is why fast twitch muscles are lighter in colour than muscles that contain a lot of slow twitch muscle fibres. Fast twitch muscle fibres can produce small amounts of energy very quickly whereas slow twitch muscles can produce large amounts of energy slowly.

Answer 8

When you run fast, you work on strength and speed but not really endurance. Running fast (sprinting) is usually anaerobic so it is not helpful for endurance. If you want endurance, you need to do long runs in which you can breath easily.

Answer 9

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