The word the functions primarily as a definite article in the grammar of the English language. "The" is the most common word in the English language.
Etymology
Linguists believe that the common ancestor of the Indo-European languages (Proto-Indo-European) did not have a definite article. Most of the older languages do not have definite or indefinite articles; there is no article in Latin, Sanskrit, or in conservative Indo-European languages like standard Russian, as can often be seen when inexperienced east European native write in the English language. Classical Greek has a definite article, but Homeric Greek did not. In the etymologies of these and many other languages, the definite article arose by a demonstrative pronoun or adjective changing its usage; compare the fate of the Latin demonstrative ille in the Romance languages, becoming French le, la, l' and les, Spanish el and la, and Italian il and la, among others.
The and that are common developments from the same Old English system. Old English had a definite article se, in the masculine gender, seo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Middle English these had all merged into þe (þ = th), the ancestor of the Modern English word.
Use and pronunciation
"The" has variable pronunciation. It is generally pronounced with a long e (IPA /i:/) before a word starting with a vowel, and with a schwa before a word beginning with a consonant. However, to emphasise the importance or truth of its following word, it can be pronounced with a long e anywhere, in which case it essentially acts additionally as an adjective synonymous with "pre-eminent", as in "the hospital for back problems". In written form, in the absence of pronunciation, the in this sense is often italicised or otherwise emphasised, although in some written expressions, such as "the novelist of middle-class despair", and some spoken contexts (e.g. advertising) it can stand without emphasis since the context is assumed to be clear.
For adverbial use it appears twice, each time before a comparative adjective or adverb to denote a commensurate relationship, as in "the more the merrier": this usage derives from Anglo-Saxon þȳ, which is instrumental case and means "by means of the".
The word the is common in book and movie titles. Such titles are often listed invertedly, such as French Connection, The, for convenience for people looking for a title. (The same happens with the indefinite articles a and an).
Reduction and omission
In some Northern British dialects of English, the is pronounced as dental [tə] or as a glottal stop, usually written in dialect dialogue as t'; in some dialects it reduces to nothing. This is known as definite article reduction; see that article for further details.
In informal writing, such as notes or diaries, the definite article and some other particles are often omitted, for example, "Must pick up prescription at pharmacy today."
In Indian English, which does not have the phoneme /δ/ (voiceless dental fricative), because the native Indian languages do not have it, the is pronounced with the voiced dental plosive /d/ as /də/ (more commonly, /diː/). This is also true for some other dialects of English.
Examples
Used to denote collective or idealised representatives: e.g. In the healthcare system, the doctor has responsibility for the patient's wellbeing or older-fashioned titles such as The White Man and the Indian or Social problems of the preschool child.
2006-06-15 17:26:18
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answer #1
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answered by hutson 7
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The
THE, an adjective or definitive adjective.
1. This adjective is used as a definitive, that is, before nouns which are specific or understood; or it is used to limit their signification to a specific thing or things, or to describe them; as the laws of the twelve tables. The independent tribunals of justice in our country, are the security or private rights,and the best bulwark against arbitrary power. The sun is the source of light and heat.
This he calls the preaching of the cross.
2. The is also used rhetorically before a noun in the singular number, to denote a species by way of distinction; a single thing representing the whole. The fig tree putteth forth her green figs; the almond tree shall flourish; the grasshopper shall be a burden.
3. In poetry, the sometimes loses the final vowel before another vowel.
Th' adorning thee with so much art,
Is but a barb'rous skill.
4. The is used before adjectives in the comparative and superlative degree. The longer we continue in sin, the more difficult it is to reform. The most strenuous exertions will be used to emancipate Greece. The most we can do is to submit; the best we can do; the worst that can happen.
2006-06-16 00:09:06
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answer #2
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answered by Martin S 7
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