Cleopatra was not what movies make us believe.
Cleopatra was a quick-witted woman who was fluent in nine languages. She was a mathematician and a very good businesswoman.
Laws:
Cleopatra showed directly she was talented, she instaured new laws, she devaluated the money by one third for the exportations. She instaured new religious laws in favor of her own folk. She was also busy trying to solve the international conflicts, mainly with Rome.
Her Objectives:
She dedicated her efforts to enforce her royal status as queen of Egypt, to restore the glories of Ptolemies and recover their dominions in southern Syria and Palestine, as well as to share in the central Roman authority.
2006-06-15 12:44:38
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answer #1
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answered by ? 5
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Cleopatra is one of the most famous people of all time. In a civil war between the government and the people, in which Julius Caesar played a major role as a military force, the Library of Alexandria was burned, as was the ancient museum of Egypt in which scholars came from all over the world to study. This war, and especially the burning of the Library of Alexandria is considered one of the greatest losses of all time.
Cleopatra was a co-ruler of Egypt with her father (Ptolemy XII Auletes), her brothers/husbands Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV and later her son Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Cleopatra survived a coup engineered by her Ptolemy XIII's courtiers, consummated a liaison with Gaius Julius Caesar that solidified her grip on the throne, and, after Caesar's assassination
On her father’s death in 51 bc Cleopatra, then about 17 years old, and her brother, Ptolemy XII (63–47 bc), a child of about 12 years, succeeded jointly to the throne of Egypt with the provision that they should marry. In the third year of their reign Ptolemy, encouraged by his advisers, assumed sole control of the government and drove Cleopatra into exile. She promptly gathered an army in Syria but was unable to assert her claim until the arrival at Alexandria of Julius Caesar, who became her lover and espoused her cause. He was for a time hard pressed by the Egyptians but ultimately triumphed, and in 47 bc Ptolemy XII was killed. Caesar proclaimed Cleopatra queen of Egypt.
Cleopatra was then forced by custom to marry her younger brother, Ptolemy XIII (59–44 bc), then about 11 years old. After settling their joint government on a secure basis, Cleopatra went to Rome, where she lived as Caesar’s mistress. She gave birth to a son, Caesarion (47–30 bc), later Ptolemy XIV; it is believed that Caesar was his father. After Caesar’s assassination in 44 bc, Cleopatra is said to have poisoned Ptolemy XIII. She then returned to Egypt and made Caesarion her coregent. Because Cleopatra hesitated to take sides in the civil war following Caesar’s death, Mark Antony summoned her to meet him to explain her conduct. He fell in love with her and returned with her to Egypt. After living with her for some time, Antony was compelled to return to Rome, where he married Octavia, a sister of Caesar’s heir Octavian, later Roman emperor as Augustus. After Antony’s departure Cleopatra bore him twins. In 36 bc Antony went to the East as commander of an expedition against the Parthians. He sent for Cleopatra, who joined him at Antioch. They were married, and a third child was born. In 34 bc, after a successful campaign against the Parthians, he celebrated his triumph at Alexandria. He continued to reside in Egypt. In 32 bc, when Octavian declared war against Cleopatra and Antony, Antony divorced Octavia.
Cleopatra insisted on taking part in the campaign. At the naval engagement at Actium in 31 bc, believing Antony’s defeat to be inevitable, she withdrew her fleet from action, and she and Antony fled to Alexandria. On the approach of Octavian, Antony, deceived by a false report of the death of the queen, committed suicide. Hearing that Octavian intended to exhibit her in his triumph at Rome, Cleopatra killed herself, probably by poison, or, according to an old tradition, by the bite of an asp. Caesarion, the last member of the Ptolemy dynasty, was put to death by Octavian, and Egypt subsequently became a Roman province.
2006-06-15 13:45:10
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answer #5
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answered by Suki_Sue_Curly_Q 4
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