Health Insurance for Russians to fly out of Russia?

Answer 1

To fly out of Russia you don't need it - Russian authorities don't care - nobody will check it at the airport.

Some countries will ask for it before issuing a visa. It depends on a country.

To get a U.S. visitor's visa it is not required. You can buy it if you want to (normally it won't cover pre-existing conditions and ordinary cold). I am using Patriot America, but I can't say anything about its real quality - hopefully we will never use it.

To get a Schengen visa - yes, a consulate of a country where you're applying for the visa will ask for a proof of some basic insurance (at least this was the case last year). You can buy it in Russia (near the consulate in fact!) or on Internet.