Anyone good at biology???

Question

hello people can you gimme a hand with this question please??

Describe the structure, functions and distribution of the following organelles: mitochondria, chloroplast, golgi apparatus, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum,ribosomes, lysosomes, centrioles and nucleus!!!

Answer 1

Lol. I did this for homework once. Ok ok ok. I'll help yah out since i'm a pretty cool chickk. I'm not going to spend all day rewording these for you so you're going to have to do that part yourself, k?♥

Mitochondria:
Mitochondria are the cells' power sources. They are distinct organelles with two membranes. Usually they are rod-shaped, however they can be round. The outer membrane limits the organelle. The inner membrane is thrown into folds or shelves that project inward. These are called "cristae mitochondriales".

Chloroplast:
A green structure, or organelle, contained in the cytoplasm of plant cells. Chloroplasts are reponsible for the green color of almost all plants and are lacking only in plants that do not make their own food, such as fungi and nongreen parasitic or saprophytic higher plants. The chloroplast is generally flattened and lens-shaped and consists of a body, or stroma, in which are embedded from a few to as many as 50 submicroscopic bodies–the grana–made up of stacked, disklike plates. The chloroplast contains chlorophyll pigments, as well as yellow and orange carotenoid pigments. Chloroplasts are thus the central site of the photosynthetic process in plants. The chloroplasts of algae are simpler than those of higher plants and may contain special, often conspicuous, starch-accumulating structures called pyrenoids.

Golgi Apparatus:
The Golgi apparatus (also called a Golgi body, Golgi complex, or dictyosome) is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, including those of plants, animals, and fungi. The name comes from Italian anatomist Camillo Golgi, who identified it in 1898. The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to process proteins targeted to the plasma membrane, lysosomes or endosomes, and those that will be formed from the cell, and sort them within vesicles. Thus, it functions as a central delivery system for the cell. It is part of the endomembrane system.

Rough&Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum:
The endoplasmic reticulum or ER (endoplasmic means "within the cytoplasm," reticulum means "little net") is an organelle found in all eukaryotic cells. It is part of the endomembrane system. The ER modifies proteins, makes macromolecules, and transfers substances throughout the cell. Prokaryotic organisms do not have membranous organelles and thus do not have an ER. The basic structure and composition of the ER is similar to the plasma membrane, although it is actually an extension of the nuclear membrane. The ER is the site of the translation, folding, and transport of proteins that are to become part of the cell membrane (e.g., transmembrane receptors and other integral membrane proteins) as well as proteins that are to be secreted or "exocytosed" from the cell (e.g., digestive enzymes).

*The ER consists of an extensive membrane network of tubes and cisternae (sac-like structures) held together by the cytoskeleton.

Rough ER:
The rough ER, also called granular ER or ergastoplasm (acronyms rER or gER) manufactures and transports proteins destined for membranes and secretion. It is called "rough" because ribosomes present on the cytosolic side of the membrane give it a rough appearance.

Smooth ER:
The smooth ER (also known as agranular ER or aER) has functions in several metabolic processes, including synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons. Enzymes of the smooth ER are important to the synthesis of lipids, including phospholipids and steroids. Among the steroids produced by smooth ER are the sex hormones of vertebrates and the various steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal glands. The cells that actually synthesize and secrete these hormones - in the testes and ovaries, for example - are rich in the smooth ER.

Ribosomes:
Ribosomes are responsible for assembling the proteins of the cell. Ribosomal subunits are synthesized by the nucleolus. Depending on the protein production level of a particular cell, ribosomes may number in the millions. Ribosomes are typically composed of two subunits: a large subunit and a small subunit. These two units join together when the ribosome attaches to messenger RNA to produce a protein in the cytoplasm

Lysosomes:
Lysosomes are membranous sacs of enzymes. These enzymes are typically hydrolytic and can digest cellular macromolecules (macro-).They are made by the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. Lysosomes are more than likely formed by budding from the "shipping" department of a Golgi complex.

Centrioles:
A centriole in biology is a barrel shaped microtubule structure found in most animal cells, and cells of fungi and algae though not frequently in plants. The walls of each centriole are usually composed of nine triplet microtubules, although Drosophila embryos have nine doublets and Caenorhabditis elegans sperm cells and early embryos have nine singlets.

Two centrioles are arranged perpendicularly and surrounded by further proteins (the pericentriolar material) to form the centrosome. The centrosome is also known as the microtubule organizing center (MTOC). The MTOC plays an important role in microtuble organization in the cell. All microtubules are anchored at their (-) end while they grow away from the MTOC in the (+) direction.

Centrioles are important in the cell division process, organizing the mitotic spindle upon which the chromosomes are pulled apart. Some animal cells are able to divide their chromosomes without centrioles, for instance in female meiosis. Centrioles assist the cell through the process of mitosis and in male meiosis. During cell division the centrioles are copied, so that there will be a pair for each daughter cell. In replication, each new set of centrioles is composed of one original centriole, and a newly made centriole. If the centrioles are used in forming flagella or cilia, the oldest of the two centrioles becomes the main base for that structure. This is one reason why each set of newly replicated centrioles receives one centriole from the original cell and a newly formed centriole, so that the cell will know which one to allow to form flagella or cilia.

&LASTBUTNOTLEAST...

Nucleus:
The cell nucleus is a remarkable organelle because it forms the package for our genes and their controlling factors. It functions to:
Store genes on chromosomes
Organize genes into chromosomes to allow cell division.
Transport regulatory factors & gene products via nuclear pores
Produce messages ( messenger Ribonucleic acid or mRNA) that code for proteins
Produce ribosomes in the nucleolus
Organize the uncoiling of DNA to replicate key genes

A+ for me doing your homework♥♥♥

Answer 2

It is a big q.
I m trying:
Distribution: Mitochon, chloro, golgi, r s er, ribosomes, lysosome - cytosolic compartment.
Centri -nucleus.
Structure of mitochondrion: These are globular and a little over 1 microm in diameter, their outer and inner membranes differ in lipid composition and in enzymatic activity. the matrix is rich in enzyme. Fucn. The MC are the power plants of the cell, where carbohydrates , lipids, and amino acids are oxidized to co2 and water by molecular o2 and the energy set free is converted into the energy of ATP.
For more details pls read the text book of biology or biochemistry or molecular biology.....

Answer 3

I totally agree! Looks like a biology homework.

Answer 4

Just look each up on the internet. Or your text book should describe each of these.

Answer 5

Well look in your book! And practice doing your homework by yourself!

Answer 6

mitochondrion:provide energy cloroplast:found only in plant cells....wait why should i tell you!!!

Answer 7

Damn it, post it in homework help.

Answer 8

fat chance.. do your own homework.