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Roth IRA 101
The Roth IRA in a nutshell
By Kaye A. Thomas
Updated February 11, 2006
Get a quick overview of the benefits and basic rules of Roth IRAs.
The Roth IRA was born on January 1, 1998 as a result of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997. It's named after the late Senator William V. Roth, Jr.
The Roth IRA provides no deduction for contributions, but instead provides a benefit that isn't available for any other form of retirement savings: if you meet certain requirements, all earnings are tax free when you or your beneficiary withdraw them. Other benefits include avoiding the early distribution penalty on certain withdrawals, and eliminating the need to take minimum distributions after age 70½.
Plus and Minus
The chief advantage of the Roth IRA is obvious: the ability to have investment earnings completely escape taxation. The advantage comes at a price, though: you don't get a deduction when you contribute to the Roth IRA.
So which is more important? It depends on your personal situation, and also on what assumptions you want to make about the future. How long before you withdraw money from your IRA? What will your tax bracket be then? What earnings can you anticipate in the interim?
You can do lots of fancy analysis, but the bottom line is that most people are better off in the Roth IRA. The chief reason is that the Roth IRA is effectively bigger than a regular IRA because it holds after-tax dollars. If you can take advantage of this feature of the Roth IRA by maximizing your contributions you'll add greater tax leverage to your retirement savings.
There are two other significant advantages to the Roth IRA. One is that the minimum distribution rules don't apply. If you're able to live on other resources after retirement, you don't have to draw on your Roth IRA at age 70½. That means your earnings continue to grow tax-free. The other big advantage is the ability to take certain early distributions without paying the early distribution penalty. In short, the Roth IRA makes it easier to keep your money in, and also easier to take your money out.
Eligibility
You can establish a Roth IRA by making a regular contribution to a Roth IRA or by converting a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA.
You may be eligible to make a regular contribution to a Roth IRA even if you participate in a retirement plan maintained by your employer. These contributions can be as much as $4,000 for 2006 ($5,000 if you're 50 or older by the end of the year). There are just two requirements. First, you or your spouse must have compensation or alimony income equal to the amount contributed. And second, your modified adjusted gross income can't exceed certain limits. For the maximum contribution, the limits are $95,000 for single individuals and $150,000 for married individuals filing joint returns. The amount you can contribute is reduced gradually and then completely eliminated when your modified adjusted gross income exceeds $110,000 (single) or $160,000 (married filing jointly).
You can convert your regular IRA to a Roth IRA if (a) your modified adjusted gross income is $100,000 or less, and (b) you're single or file jointly with your spouse. You'll have to pay tax in the year of the conversion, but for many people the long-term savings outweigh the conversion tax.
Distributions
Distributions from Roth IRAs are tax-free until you've withdrawn all your regular contributions. After that you'll withdraw your conversion contributions, if any. Special rules apply when you withdraw your conversion contributions. When you've withdrawn all your contributions (regular and conversion), any subsequent withdrawals come from earnings. The withdrawals are tax-free if you're over age 59½ and at least five years have expired since you established your Roth IRA. Otherwise (with limited exceptions) they're taxable and potentially subject to the early withdrawal penalty.
There's More
This brief summary omits many details. For more information return to the top page of this Guide to the Roth IRA for a list of topics.
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Related
2006-06-08 11:20:59
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answer #1
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answered by afraga8 1
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It's a little more complex than this, but a simple answer is that the money you put into is taxed before. And when you are able to withdrawal it, the money is tax free. A Traditional IRA the money that is put into it is tax free, but taxed when it is taken out.
As far as your return, it depends what it's invested in. If you're young then you probably afford to be more risky and then make a greater return, 15-17%. If you are middle aged or older then you don't want to be as risky and probably should be happy with 5-10%.
2006-06-08 18:18:37
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answer #2
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answered by bettabass 3
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Check out IRS Publication 590 for information on IRAs. The income that you will get from it depends on how old you are and what you invest in, such as CD's mutual funds or stocks and bonds.
2006-06-08 18:17:40
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answer #3
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answered by jeff410 7
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