There were different forms of marriage in Ancient Rome. An actual wedding ceremony was not needed to legalize a marriage.
A Roman bride needed to renounce her childhood before she could properly prepare for her life as wife and mother. To do this, she began by surrendering her childhood toys and toga praetexta.
The bride's hairstyle was unique to brides, called tutulus. It was divided into six locks, and was fastened with fillets, on the top of her head in a cone shaped mass. Her hair was parted with a hasta recurva or hasta caelibaris, bent iron spearhead. It is not really known why this ritual was practiced, except that the Romans may have believed that this would drive out the evil spirits thought to be living in the hair.
The bride's attire, like that of today, was special and worn only once. It included a flame colored veil, (flammeum). The veil was oblong, transparent and matched her shoes (slutei socci). The veil left her face uncovered. She also wore an amaracus wreath. Her gown consisted of a tunica recta, a white flannel or muslim tunic that had been made on an old-fashioned upright loom, and a cingulum, girdle. There was a knot at the waist of her dress to avert ill fortune.
The first part of the ceremony took place at the house of the bride's paterfamilias, her father or eldest living male relative.
The bride's parents would watch for omens and if they were auspicious, they would hand over the bride to the groom or his representative.
(The groom might not be present if, for example he was stationed away from Rome with the army. If he could not be there he sent a written statment concerning his acceptance of the marriage)
The pronuba (matron of honor), would then join the couple's hands. The new couple would offer up a sacrifice, usually a pig.
The tabulae nuptiales, marriage contract, which had been drawn up beforehand, would be presented by the auspex, who was both priest and best man, and then the contract would be signed by the required number of witnesses.
The cena, wedding breakfast, paid for by the groom, was eaten; gifts were given; and preparations for the procession were made.
The deductio in domum mariti or pompa, (procession) moved from the bride's home to the groom's home.
The procession started with the couple and guests re-enacting the scene of the seizure of the Sabines. The bride would clutch her mother's arms, but be pilled away by the groom.
Three boys escorted the bride. (These boys had to have both father and mother still living).
One of these boys would carry a spina alba, a special wooded torch lit from the bride's hearth. Walnuts were thrown, symbolizing the hoped-for fertility of the bride. The bride or her attendant would carry a spindle and distaff (items used in weaving cloth), symbolizing her role as wife.
Since the groom had to be at his house before the bride arrived in order to greet her there, the procession itself split. The separate processions form a procedure called the uxorem ducere/deducere.
When the procession arrived at the groom's house, the torches were traditionally thrown away.
Next, the bride rubbed the doorway with fat and oil and wreathed it with wool, reinforcing her role as domestic wife. She then crossed the threshold very carefully or was even carried over in some instances since it was unlucky to step on it or trip on her way into her new house.
The bride touched water and fire, elements that were essential to life through cooking and washing.
As marriage was a basis for the procreation of children, consummation and the first sexual union of the new couple were an important part of the ceremony.
The groom's bedroom was decorated with symbols of fertility, such as flowers, greenery, and fruit. A miniature wedding bed, was in the hallway of the main part of the house for the couple's spirits. The marriage bed itself, the torus genialis, was where the couple normally slept and made love.
The bride's parents handed their daughter over to her husband for the final time. The pronuba (Matron of Honor) led the bride into the bedroom. Playing an important role in the entire wedding ceremony, this woman was a married woman who had only been married once and whose husband was alive. Throughout the preparations and ceremony itself she was responsible for encouraging and guiding the bride. She was also a leader in wishing the couple perpetual harmony.
Having led the bride into the bedroom, the pronuba prayed with her for a blessing on the marriage, helped her undress and remove her jewelry and then put her into the bed. Only then would the groom enter, either alone or escorted by others. The pronuba would offer a sacrifice and then leave.
The couple were then supposed to consumate the marriage while the wedding party waited immediately outside.
Once this was accomplished the couple would rejpoin their guests and a party commenced.
2006-06-08 03:31:58
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answer #1
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answered by Rillifane 7
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The origin of the wedding band going on the 3rd finger on the left hand came from the Romans believed that a vein extended from the finger of the left hand directly to the heart.It became customary at Roman wedding ceremonies to place an iron band on the third finger to symbolize the "capture"of the loved one's heart.
2006-06-09 14:05:55
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answer #2
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answered by JF. 3
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