if you mean excess radiation, it can cause sterility, skin lesions, cancer, birth defects, brain damage, and serious burns to name a few
2006-06-07 13:23:44
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answer #1
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answered by imunalia 3
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Acute radiation exposure refers to the delivery of high doses of radiation in periods of time on
the order of days or less. Acute radiation exposure of human beings can occur through accidents,
criminal activity, or acts of war. This report reviews the expected health impacts of exposures to
people delivered at high dose rates. Two major variables needed to predict outcomes in people
are the amount of radiation dose and its distribution in time, that is, dose rate and fractionation.
Health impacts are categorized by time of appearance after irradiation as early and late effects.
Early effects are termed deterministic, and their severity is an increasing function of dose and
dose rate, with a dose threshold below which symptoms do not appear. Health impacts of
relatively uniform irradiation of the whole body include three acute radiation syndromes,
namely, the hematopoietic (bone marrow), gastrointestinal (GI), and cerebrovascular (CV)
syndromes, with thresholds of about 2, 10, and 50 grays (Gy; 200, 1,000, and 50,000 rads). The
dose that is expected to produce 50% mortality from the bone marrow syndrome in a population
within 60 days, the LD50-60, is over 4 Gy (400 rads) if minimal medical treatment is provided, and
over 6 Gy (600 rads) if supportive medical treatment is provided. While the LD50 values for the
GI and CV syndromes are higher, those doses invariably cause bone marrow fatality. Other
syndromes that may cause fatality result from non-uniform irradiation. These are the cutaneous
syndrome, in which the skin is heavily irradiated by beta irradiation, and the pulmonary
syndrome, in which inhalation of beta-emitting or alpha-emitting radioactive material cause
damage to the skin or lungs. Other deterministic effects include developmental abnormalities in
the embryo, the fetus, or in growing children, such as mental retardation and thyroid disease.
Loss of pregnancy, permanent or temporary sterility or impaired fertility, and cataracts
(opacification of the crystalline lens of the eye) are also known effects. As doses to skin increase,
erythema (skin reddening), desquamation (blistering), ulceration, and necrosis (tissue death) can
also occur. Untreated ulceration or necrosis can also lead to death.
If people survive the early, deterministic effects, they still bear some risk of late effects such as
cancer and leukemia; some non-cancer conditions such as heart disease, stroke, digestive
diseases, and respiratory diseases; and heritable ill-health. Cancers and heritable ill-health
(formerly called genetic effects) occur in a population with a frequency that is an increasing
function of dose, usually without threshold. As an illustration of late effects, in the latest
(October 2003) followup of the Japanese nuclear bomb survivors, about 5% of 9,335 solid
cancer deaths and 0.8% of 31,881 noncancer deaths in the survivor population are attributable to
radiation exposures from the nuclear detonations.
Many factors affect the radiosensitivity of people, including dose, dose rate, dose fractionation,
the penetrating or non-penetrating nature of the radiation that varies inversely with the
radiation’s linear energy transfer (LET). In addition to these factors, medical care, uniformity of
irradiation, age at exposure, sex, genetic susceptibility, adaptive response (if any), trauma,
chemical exposure, nutritional state, and state of infection all influence health impacts.
2006-06-07 20:27:29
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answer #3
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answered by Mr. D 2
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I am not a chemist but I am sure it depends on how it is used, in the form of an x-ray it is a productive, now in the form of say ? ? ? an atom bomb productive but not in a good way. It dependson how you apply it as to the impacts of it , good or bad or a wide range of uses in between chemotherapy good and productive but side effects are not good ...
2006-06-07 20:40:36
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answer #4
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answered by tree-maple 1
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