The 99% are for FIXATED Pedophiles, not sexual offenders.
They are in studies done by A. Nicholas Groth, MD and several others who worked with offenders, including the Family Institute at UNH..
The reason they will re offend is their primary sexual interest are children. They aren't hetero sexual or homosexual.
So if your sexual attraction were to children, think you might re offend? Do you think some therapist is going to change you from YOUR sexual orientation. Think you aren't going to have sex for the rest of your life? I don't think so.
These are studies. I doubt the government knows one from the other!
And re offending and getting caught are two different things. Most pedophiles have had over 20 victims before they were caught the 1St time. I wonder where all the Catholic priests who got away with molesting children are? Probably still molesting!.
Kids don't show up at a hospital after being offended. Some never tell for decades. Some never tell!
Fixated pedophiles is a term A Nicholas Groth, MS coined when he wrote his book about sexual offenders. There are several now but Groth also coined the term regressed (or Situational) pedophile, those who in time of stress will turn to children as a sexual outlet.."
Most books (Lexington) are professional or written in the AMA or Psychology magazines. I will see what I can dig up.
"The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (F65.4) defines pedophilia as "a sexual preference for children, boys or girls or both, usually of prepubertal or early pubertal age." [19]
The APA's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, Text Revision gives the following as its "Diagnostic criteria for 302.2 Pedophilia"[20] :
Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children (generally age 13 years or younger).
The person has acted on these urges, or the sexual urges or fantasies cause marked distress or interpersonal difficulty.
The person is at least age 16 years and at least 5 years older than the child or children in Criterion A.
Note: Do not include an individual in late adolescence involved in an ongoing sexual relationship with a 12 or 13-year-old.
The actual boundaries between childhood and adolescence may vary in individual cases and are difficult to define in rigid terms of age. The World Health Organization, for instance, defines adolescence as the period of life between 10 and 19 years of age[21], though it is most often defined as the period of life between the ages of 13 and 18.
The APA diagnostic criteria do not include actual sexual activity with a child. The diagnosis can therefore be made based on the presence of fantasies or sexual urges alone, provided the subject meets the remaining criteria."
"Studies in the area of sexuality and psychosexual development have demonstrated that there are five basic sexual orientations:
A heterosexual possesses a primary sexual desire toward persons of the opposite sex.
A homosexual possesses a primary sexual desire toward persons of the same sex.
A bisexual possesses a generally indiscriminate sexual desire toward persons of both sexes.
A fixated pedophile possesses a primary sexual desire toward children between 1 and 13, with the victim being at least five years younger than the perpetrator.
A fixated ephebophile possesses a primary sexual desire toward children between 14 and 17, with the adolescent victim being at least five years younger than the perpetrator. This category becomes especially complicated when the victim is a 14- to 17-year-old boy, and the adult male''s attraction might be one of homosexuality rather than ephebophilia.
The fixated pedophile's and the ephebophile's sexual desire is intense and recurrent and represents a serious psychological and developmental impairment. By way of contrast, a regressed pedophile or ephebophile is usually a heterosexual, who under extreme stress regresses to developmentally impaired behavior and engages in sex with children——for example, a man whose wife is sexually unavailable turns to his daughter for sex.
These distinctions should help to clarify the definition of a pedophile and ephebophile and to show that a pedophile or ephebophile is normally not a homosexual, as he or she has no interest in adult sexual relations. Statistical data would be helpful in order to understand the prevalence of pedophilia and ephebophilia in American culture and to know the percentage of priests with these orientations as compared to the male population in general. But research limitations presently make this knowledge impossible. Some distinct points for further clarification are useful.
The fixated pedophile's and the ephebophile's sexual desire is intense and recurrent and represents a serious psychological and developmental impairment. By way of contrast, a regressed pedophile or ephebophile is usually a heterosexual, who under extreme stress regresses to developmentally impaired behavior and engages in sex with children——for example, a man whose wife is sexually unavailable turns to his daughter for sex.
The real issue is the need to understand the true meaning of pedophilia and ephebophilia, remove priests with these sexual orientations from active ministry and heighten seminary requirements so that persons with these orientations will not be admitted to formation programs and will be dismissed if this orientation is discovered or seriously suspected."
"(DSM IV-TR, APA, 2000, pp. 807-813)
http://www.umkc.edu/sites/hsw/issues/pedophil.html
maintained at the University of Missouri-Kansas City by Paul A. Gore, Ph.D.
Pedophilia involves reoccurring sexual arousal and desires or fantasies involving sexual impulses toward a pre-adolescent child or children. The pedophile must be above age 16, and the sexual attraction must involve a child of age 13 or younger who is at least 5 years younger than the adult. A pedophile has either acted on these sexual impulses, or the fantasies and / or sexual arousal and impulses disturb the individual. The pedophile is sexually aroused because the child is a child, regardless of the pedophile's sexual orientation, or the child's gender.
The amount of sexual activity engaged in by the pedophile who acts on their urges varies from admiring an undressed child, to exhibiting themselves to the child, to engaging in masturbation with the child, to caressing and fondling the child. Other sexual activities, usually involving varying degrees of force, include performing oral stimulation on the child, or penetrating the child's mouth, vagina or anus with fingers, foreign objects, or penis.
Pedophiles frequently rationalize and make excuses for their behavior saying that the incidents were educational, that the child derived sexual gratification from the encounters, or that the child had been the sexual seducer. However, It is important to note that the child is not in any way responsible for the behavior, the perpetrators of pedophilia just try to justify their inappropriate actions.
Sexual activities may be limited to family members or may include children in the general population. Victims of sexual molestation may be threatened to ensure secrecy. Frequent perpetrators devise elaborate procedures for getting close to children, such as becoming involved with women with young children, providing a foster home for young children, sharing children with other pedophiles, or kidnapping children. Often, the pedophile is courteous and respectful to the child for the purpose of gaining the trust, devotion, and affection of the child, and to promote secrecy. Onset typically occurs in adolescence, although sometimes much later.
Any form of actual or suggested sexual activity with a child under age 13 is illegal as identified as sexual misconduct involving a child, or abuse of a child, and includes exposing one's genitals or coercing a child to expose their genitals.
Fixated (or exclusive type) pedophilia. The fixated pedophiles consider themselves to be trapped in childhood. They usually have minimum relations with adult peers, and relate better with children. They are identified mainly as men and their primary interest is in boys, with whom they develop boy to boy relationships. They typically plan their activities to promote access to young boys through church, neighborhood, or sporting activities.
Regressed (or nonexclusive type) pedophilia. On the other hand, the regressed pedophile is not ordinarily attracted to children. Those with regressed pedophilia are typically heterosexual married males and most likely to sexually molest 8 or 9 year old female children. Some pedophiles complain of anxiety or tension related to employment or marital relationship as precursors to pedophilic impulses, as well as alcohol or drug usage. They view the child as an adult substitute, and relate to the child in an adult to adult manner. The first sexual encounter is usually sudden and unplanned.
Cross-sex pedophilia. Male pedophiles who sexually molest young girls are typically diagnosed with regressed pedophilia. They commonly befriend the young girl and gradually engage in sexually activities, enticing, rather than forcing, the child. The activities frequently include fondling the child, encouraging the child to fondle the male, and possibly oral stimulation, but rarely sexual intercourse.
Same-sex pedophilia. While most pedophiles who engage in or fantasize about same-sex children do not participate in heterosexual adult sexual relations, they also deny being homosexual. Instead, the pedophiles are more sexually aroused by male and female children than by either gender of adults. The average age of molestation among boys is between 10 and 12. Sexual activities typically involve fondling and adult masturbation and/ or oral stimulation of the boy, and anal sex with the adult male taking the active role.
Female pedophilia. Although the vast majority of pedophilia is among males, female pedophilia does exist. However, female pedophilia is not commonly reported, possibly because the female's affection shown toward a child is seen as maternal, as opposed to sexual in the males. Additionally, male children do not view sexual relations with adult women negatively, and therefore may not report the incident. However, it is reportedly fairly common for young males (12 years old or younger) to engage in sexual activities (usually sexual intercourse) with adult women, usually in their twenties, who are usually known by the boys and typically friends of parents, neighbors or baby-sitters.
(1) Pedophilia and Ephebophilia » cont
A review of studies of repeat offending - recidivism - by sex offenders shows that up to 55 percent would molest a child again within five years after the offense. One study of 232 pedophiles showed they had molested an average of 76 children each. Those in jail have usually committed more offenses than they were convicted for. (These are all type recidivism)
In 1979, A. Nicholas Groth, an American clinical psychologist working with both victims and offender populations, published a study of over 500 rapists. In his study, he found that rape, like other crimes that satisfy emotional needs, is complex and multi-determined. That is to say, that the act of rape itself serves a number of psychological needs and purposes (motives) for the offender. The purpose of his work was clinical, to understand the motivations of rapists for the purpose of the development of effective treatment plans.
Law enforcement and those engaged in criminal profiling adopted the Groth typology and began to use it investigatively. Ultimately the Groth typology was taken and modified by the FBI's NCAVC, and used as part of the basis for the Crime Classification Manual, a project designed to create a DSM type reference specifically for criminals.
2006-06-06 20:52:53
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answer #8
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answered by cantcu 7
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