有機蒸餾和分餾的實驗疑問(請英文好的大大解釋一下)

Question

請英文好的大大幫忙解釋一下，這些問題的答案...........

1.Why is it important that the cooling water in a distillation apparatus ether the condenser jacket at the lower end and exit at the upper end,and not vice versa?

2.Why should a distilling flask be filled to not more than two-thirds of its capacity at tne beinning of a distillation procedure?

Answer 1

1.Why is it important that the cooling water in a distillation apparatus ether the condenser jacket at the lower end and exit at the upper end,and not vice versa?

題目裡的 ether 應該是 enter，進入的意思，全句是問為何冷卻水由冷凝器下方的入口進入，由上方的出口排出，不能反過來。

理由是 : 冷卻水是 冷的用來冷卻蒸氣，冷卻水冷卻蒸氣之後，它就吸收了蒸氣的熱變成溫水了，而水在一個容器水裡時，是冷水在下溫水在上，意思是溫水會自然而然的往上跑，所以依照這個原理把出口設在上方，把已經用過的比較熱的水排出。如果出口設在下方，那排出的水會是比較冷的。


2.Why should a distilling flask be filled to not more than two-thirds of its capacity at tne beinning of a distillation procedure?

因為燒瓶內要留有足夠的空間容納產生出來的蒸氣，所以不能裝滿被分餾的原料，至於要留多少空間給蒸氣，這要看分餾的原料是什麼而定，分餾油類時，燒瓶內裝滿 約三分之二，能得到最好的分餾效果。The best results were obtained when the oil being distilled filled the flask to about two-thirds its capacity,
參考資料：http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/prep.asp?prep=cv6p0549 (請看 2. Note 的第 5 條的第 二段)

Answer 2

妳好~~

2.為何在蒸發過程開始時,蒸發瓶裡的量應不超過2/3?

第1個好像字有打錯還是少打了什麼因為翻起來很怪說><