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Question

several factors, including (a) variation in water intake and excretion, (b) rate of diuresis, (c) exercise, (d) recumbency, and (e) diet. The variation may be further exacerbated by pathologic changes in blood pressure and renal architecture. An alternative approach that has been proposed, and used in some clinical situations for many years, is that of expressing the protein excretion in a random urine collection as a ratio to the creatinine concentration. It is assumed that both the protein and creatinine excretion rates
are fairly constant during the day, as long as the glomerular filtration rate remains constant, and that the major reason for changes in the protein concentration in individual samples during the day is variation in the amount
of water excreted. To support this proposal, several investigators have demonstrated a smaller variation in the protein:creatinine ratio compared with the protein concentration alone in urine samples collected throughout
the day. Thus, Newman et al. (17 ) found that the mean intraindividual variation in the protein:creatinine ratio was 38.6%, whereas that of the protein excretion was 96.5%. Koopman et al. (14 ) had made a similar observation. Several investigators studied the relationship between the protein:creatinine ratio and 24-h protein excretion. Ginsberg et al. (16 ) reported a correlation coefficient of 0.972;

Answer 1

several factors, including (a) variation in water intake and excretion, (b) rate of diuresis, (c) exercise, (d) recumbency, and (e) diet. The variation may be further exacerbated by pathologic changes in blood pressure and renal architecture. An alternative approach that has been proposed, and used in some clinical situations for many years, is that of expressing the protein excretion in a random urine collection as a ratio to the creatinine concentration. It is assumed that both the protein and creatinine excretion rates are fairly constant during the day, as long as the glomerular filtration rate remains constant, and that the major reason for changes in the protein concentration in individual samples during the day is variation in the amount of water excreted.

許多成因，包括(a) 喝下及排出 水量差異(b) 排尿比例(c) 運動 (d) 趴下姿態(e) 食物等，由於血壓及腎組織的病理變化而加重其差異。一種方法被採用且多年來用於臨床上，在隨機採集尿液做蛋白質排出量佔肌氨酸酵素比例，假設每日蛋白質及肌氨酸酵素排出量維持固定，以及血管球過濾比例保持穩定，那麼每日聚集的蛋白質就主要與水份排出量有關了。

To support this proposal, several investigators have demonstrated a smaller variation in the protein:creatinine ratio compared with the protein concentration alone in urine samples collected throughout
the day. Thus, Newman et al. (17 ) found that the mean intraindividual variation in the protein:creatinine ratio was 38.6%, whereas that of the protein excretion was 96.5%. Koopman et al. (14 ) had made a similar observation. Several investigators studied the relationship between the protein:creatinine ratio and 24-h protein excretion. Ginsberg et al. (16 ) reported a correlation coefficient of 0.972;

為了支持此項建議，許多試驗人員檢視肌氨酸酵素中蛋白質微量變化對全日採集尿液蛋白質含量做比較，因此，Newman et al.發現蛋白質佔肌氨酸酵素比例為38.6%，蛋白質總排出量比例為96.5%.Koopman et al.也有類似結論，許多試驗人員亦做蛋白質佔肌氨酸酵素比例及24小時蛋白質排出量研究，Ginsberg et al. 報告中指出其相互關係系數 為97.2%*****