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Question

我想請問

Tom enjoyed his time chatting with his friend
這裡的 chatting with his friend 是形容詞片語嗎 是修飾time嗎 ?? 還是主詞埔語


sue and tom took some time strolling in the mall
這裡的strolling in the mall 是形容詞片語嗎 修飾time嗎?? 還是主詞補語 ??
sue and tom took some time to stroll in the mall 有什麼不同呢??

sue has gained a lot of confidence speaking English
這裡的speaking English 是形容詞片語嗎 ?? 是修飾confidence嗎?? 還是主詞補語呢 還是 speaking english 前面省略了介係詞呢 ??

到底要怎麼分別 形容詞片語 或是主詞補語呢

像這樣 he got drowned trying to swim across the river 這是分詞構句

they sat there all night talking about the plan 是主詞補語

Answer 1

版主您好:

您所問的主軸是"分詞片語"的用法.

片語也好, 構句也好, 這是一種精簡過的表達方式. 名稱並不重要. 重要的是您必須瞭解其語意. 換句話說, 如果您可以把它正確地還原為原始形態, 才算能真正掌握其用法.

Tom enjoyed his time chatting with his friend.
湯姆享受(很喜歡)與其友人閒話家常的時光.

[enjoy]是個及物動詞, [his time]是它的受詞. 就文法而言, 整句話還原的可能性有:
1. Tom enjoyed his time of chatting with his friend. (chatting當動名詞而不是分詞, of被省略)
2. Tom enjoyed his time and chatted with his friend. (合句的精簡版)
3. Tom enjoyed his time when he chatted with his friend. (表時間的副詞子句的精簡版, 過去式)
4. Tom enjoyed his time when he was chatting with his friend. (表時間的副詞子句的精簡版, 過去進行式)
5. Tom enjoyed his time which chatted with his friend. (形容詞子句的精簡版)

但是句子語意的合理性絕對凌駕文法之上, 所以就語意來說:
5. 不合理. "時間"這個東西不會和他的朋友聊天.
3.&4. 不合理. "時間"這個東西, 與"和他的朋友聊天"是同一件事的兩個面向. 而這兩句的寫法讓人跟下列這句產生相同的感受:
Tom enjoyed his hamburger when he chatted with his friend.
[hamburger]和[聊天]是兩件事.
如果要合理, 應該這樣寫:
Tom enjoyed himself (at the time) when he chatted with his friend.
2. 不合理. 語意變成:一方面享受時光, 一方面(或者"然後")和他的朋友聊天. 也變成"兩件事".
所以應該是1.句的語意(動名詞)最合理.

同樣的方式來看其他的句子.

====================
Sue and Tom took some time strolling in the mall.
=>Sue and Tom took some time in strolling in the mall. (動名詞)
蘇與湯姆在大賣場逛了一會兒.

Sue and Tom took some time to stroll in the mall.
為了到大賣場逛逛, 蘇與湯姆花了一點時間. (不太合理)

改為這樣就合理:
Sue and Tom got off work early to stroll in the mall.
為了到大賣場逛逛, 蘇與湯姆提早下班.

====================
Sue has gained a lot of confidence speaking English.
=> Sue has gained a lot of confidence in speaking English. (動名詞)
蘇在說英語方面有了很大的信心.

====================
He got drowned trying to swim across the river.
=> He got drowned when he tryied to swim across the river. (表時間的副詞子句的精簡版, 過去式)

====================
They sat there all night talking about the plan.
=> They sat there all night and talked about the plan. (合句的精簡版)

====================
舉幾個與上述不同類型的例子來對照:

形容詞片語:
They bought a lot of handicrafts coming from Peru.
=> They bought a lot of handicrafts which came from Peru.
他們買了很多來自祕魯的手工藝品.

主詞補語:
Tom is considered working hard and thinking smart.
=> Tom is considered a person who works hard and thinks smart.
大家公認湯姆工作勤奮而心思聰穎.

Answer 2

看完該題令我感到滿意
1.論知識,以述說理由來攻防,是真理越辯越明的實踐,不是在於點數
2.能如此追根究底地態度,才是做學問應有的態度,而不是將做人處世的圓融誤植為自私泠漠
各位英文高手,謝謝