關係代名詞非限定與限定子句的用法（急）20點

Question

已查閱知識中所有相關的回答了，只是對於課本上的問題有所疑惑，因為課本內的句子完全都使用非限定的用法讓我覺得有些怪怪的，請英文高手幫我解答疑惑吧！感激不盡！

下列的句子要用關代合併:
1. Christopher Columbus was an explorer.
He discovered America in 1492.
課本解答：
Christopher Columbus was an explorer who discovered America in 1492.

2. Jackie Chan is a famous action movie star.
He has made many exciting Kung Fu movies.
課本解答：
Jackie Chan is a famous action movie star who has made many exciting
Kung Fu movies.

問題一：（為何以上兩種句子是以限定用法回答？
Christopher Columbus 和 Jackie Chan 不是已經很清楚說明只有這一位人物了，並沒有很多而必須要用限定的用法來區分，為何課本解答是這樣寫？是寫錯嗎？）

3. Kangaroos live in Australia. They carry their babies in pouches.
課本解答：
Kangaroos live in Australia which carry their babies in pouches.

4.The Taipei Zoo has many different animals. The zoo is in Mucha.
課本解答：
The Taipei Zoo has many different animals which is in Mucha.

問題二：（為何還是以限定用法回答？關代之前不是一定要是先行詞嗎？這是屬於補充說明的用法嗎？如果是為何不是非限定的寫法？）

5. I bought some CDs. They were very expensive.
課本解答：
I bought some CDs that were very expensive.

6. Fu Lung Beach is a great place. It's on the east coast of Taiwan.
課本解答：
Fu Lung Beach is a great place that is on the east coast of Taiwan.

問題三：（第5句為何以限定用法回答？其正確中文意思為何？再者第6句中的
Fu Lung Beach 很清楚只有一個，為何要用限定的用法？且疑問與問題二一樣，可以在that前加逗號變為非限定用法作為補充說明之用嗎？）


問題不少，煩請大大解答！真不知是課本解答錯誤還是我關代學的不好啊！！！！
PS. 回答時可將每題的正確答案寫出並寫出詳細原因嗎？？謝謝謝謝～

Answer 1

版主您好:

(單純)關係代名詞有兩個功能:
1. 連接兩個句子:[主要子句]與[從屬(形容詞)子句](所以它也是一種連接詞)
2. 在從屬子句中以代名詞的形式, 行使[主詞]/[受詞]/[補語]等功能.

這種合併句子的完整過程是這樣的:

1. 先決定誰當[主要子句], 誰當[從屬子句](用來修飾先行詞, 故稱形容詞子句).
2. 再決定兩個句子的接駁點.

舉例來說:
Christopher Columbus was an explorer. (A)
He discovered America in 1492. (B)

沒有明確的指定時, 按題目通常以A為主要子句, B為從屬子句.
[he]是普通代名詞, 它沒有連接詞的功能, 所以改為[who](或[that], 但只能用限定法). 而這個[he]可以代表[Columbus], 也可以代表[an explorer].

以[Columbus]為接駁點: 正如您所說的, 應該用非限定法.
Christopher Columbus, who discovered America in 1492, was an explorer.

以[an explorer]為接駁點: 應該用限定法, 來說明這個explorer的特性, 以與其他的explorer區別.
Christopher Columbus was an explorer who discovered America in 1492.

但是也可以B為主要子句, A為從屬子句.
Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492.
He was an explorer.

這裡[he]只能代表[Columbus], 所以接駁點只有一個:
Christopher Columbus, who was an explorer, discovered America in 1492.

所以用限定或非限定法, 取決於先行詞本身的特性, 而不是它所代表的身份.
The man is my father, who is a professor.
My father is a professor who teaches Mathematics.

====================
關於第二個問題, 課本的寫法並不正確.

Kangaroos live in Australia.
They carry their babies in pouches.

接駁點只有一個: [they=kangaroos]
Kangaroos, which carry their babies in pouches, live in Australia.

或者:
Kangaroos carry their babies in pouches.
They live in Australia.

Kangaroos, which live in Australia, carry their babies in pouches.

課本的寫法把先行詞與子句隔開, 並不恰當. 或許在這個例子不至於引起誤解, 但不足取.
而且用限定法似乎是說: 只有那些把小袋鼠放在袋子中的袋鼠才住在澳洲(是這樣嗎?).

The Taipei Zoo has many different animals.
The zoo is in Mucha.

The Taipei Zoo, which is in Mucha, has many different animals.

The Taipei Zoo is in Mucha.
The zoo has many different animals.

The Taipei Zoo, which has many different animals, is in Mucha.

不當之處與上一句類似.

====================
I bought some CD's that were very expensive.
我買了一些很貴的(不是便宜的喔)CD.

限定法修飾CD's.

Fu Lung Beach is a great place.
It's on the east coast of Taiwan.

[it]=[Fu Lung Beach]=[a great place]
Fu Lung Beach, which is on the east coast of Taiwan, is a great place.

Fu Lung Beach is a great place which/that is on the east coast of Taiwan.

[that]只能用限定法, 不能在that前加逗號變為非限定用法作為補充說明之用.



2007-07-11 23:13:53 補充：
I bought some CD's, which were very expensive.
語意:
我買了一些CD, 它們很貴.

Answer 2

先說一下,限定用法(不加逗號)顧名思義就是限定所修飾的名詞
例如:My daughter who lives in New York is a lawyer.
這句話的意思是我住在紐約的那個女兒是律師
表示不只有一個女兒,而我指的是住在紐約那個

然後非限定用法(要加逗號)有補充說明的功能
例如:My daughter, who lives in New York, is a lawyer.
這句話的意思是我的女兒,他住在紐約,是一個律師
表示只有一個女兒,他擔任律師然後補充說明他住在紐約

Q1.第一句解答的意思是哥倫布是一個發現了美洲的探險家,但是世界上不是只有哥倫布一個探險家阿,所以要用限定用法限定在哥倫布這個探險家
不過因為哥倫布是一個人名,因為他獨一無二,所以也可用
非限定用法來補述:Christopher Columbus, who discovered America in 1492, was an explorer.因為題目沒有規定,所以兩種寫法都OK
第二句也是一樣的

Q2. 這兩句應該已經跳脫限定與非限定的問題了吧,這是放在句尾的形容詞子句(彗星式)

Q3.第5句的意思是我買了一些很貴的CD,這句不是限定與非限定的問題,只是單純的說那些CD很貴
第6句的問題請參考Q1,可是如果要改成非限定要注意一點,
逗號後面不能加that(很重要歐),所以應該是:
Fu Lung Beach, which is on the east coast of Taiwan, is a great place .

2007-07-10 09:48:43 補充：
Q2 我不是非常確定 如果想到再來改 也歡迎其他高手幫忙看看

Answer 3

當你在描述一個人物或物件時，用形容子句去強調、縮小範圍時，需要用限定用法，無關它是否是專有名詞。用這個標準去檢視所有你提出的例句，課本的解答都沒有錯。一個基本觀念去判斷可否該用補充用法，補充用法的形容子句，不具關鍵資訊，可有可無。

例句：

I haven't see Joe for a long time, who used to go to the same high school as I did.

我同意像例句 3，4， 6也可以用補充用法，但語氣就有些不同。要注意的是，當用補充用法時，不能用that，只能用who/which。

一般而言限定用法比較常見，也比較實用。