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Question

existing asthma-related quality-of-life instruments do not sufficiently measure the overall life experiences of children with asthma. ten
instruments have been reported to measure the effects of asthma
on children, and some differences among them should be noted in
relation to respondents, number of items, content, and dimensions .
both the asthma symptom and disability questionnaire ( usherwood,
scrimgeour& barber,1990) and the functional severity of asthma
scale (rosier et al,1994) were designed to elicit information in the
physical domain. the childhood asthma questionnaire ( christie, french, weatherstone,&west,,1991), designed to measure the affective characteristic of children, does not include perception of overall life
experiences. the life activities questionnaire for childhood asthma
( creer,stein , rappaport, & lewis,1992 ) is focused on physical activity
and emotional problems. juniper and colleagues"pediatric asthma
quality of life ( paqol:1996) includes three domains: symptoms ,
emotional function, and halliday (1995 ) added avoidance of
environmental exposures to the PAQOL, showing that the
complexity of asthma management affects children"s lives. children's
health survey for asthma (olsen & asmussen ,1999) is the only
tool that includes the role of family , and how are you ( HAY)
is the only one that includes social activity (le coq,colland,boeke,
bezemer,& van eijk,2000 ). varni , burwinkle,rapoff ,kamps , & olson's (2004) pedQLtm3.0 asthma module inclded asthma symptoms,
treatment problems, worry , and communication for age-specific
populations.

希望能順一點的

Answer 1

你標點符號和大小寫有些沒標清楚, 真有點難翻耶

2007-05-03 17:29:58 補充：
現存有關氣喘生活品質的測量儀器並無法充分測量氣喘孩童
所有的生活狀況經歷.已有十個測量儀器被報導在測量孩童
氣喘上的效果,且這些儀器在有關受訪者, 取樣物件數目, 內容
和大小規模上的差異應該被特別注意.

氣喘症狀,殘障問卷( usherwood,scrimgeour& barber,1990)和氣喘
發作時嚴重性的等級(rosier et al,1994)皆被設計為在生理健康
範疇上取得更多資訊.這被設計為測量孩童患病特徵的氣喘
問卷. ( christie, french, weatherstone,&west,,1991)並不包括對
所有患病孩童生活狀況經歷的完全呈現.

針對氣喘孩童所做日常生活活動的問卷( creer,stein , rappaport,
& lewis,1992 )主要重點是為了解他們的生理健康活動狀況和
情緒問題.

杜松和同事(僚)的 “小兒科氣喘的生活品質( paqol:1996)”包括
三個主要領域: 症狀, 情緒功能, halliday (1995 ) 增加了在環境下
對PAQOL的預防, 顯示氣喘管理的複雜對孩童生活的影響.

孩童的氣喘健康調查(olsen & asmussen ,1999)是這唯一包括家人
成員在內的測量工具, 且你過的如何(HAY)是這唯一包括社會活動
(le coq,colland,boeke,bezemer,& van eijk,2000 )的測量工具.
varni , burwinkle,rapoff ,kamps , & olson's (2004) pedQLtm3.0 氣喘
單元包括氣喘症狀, 治療, 焦慮 和針對特定年齡族群的傳染問題.

Answer 2

大大：
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