都是句型結構的問題

Question

1. I wish I could use the time I spend walking home to practice English.
句中 I spend walking home 請問是形容詞子句嗎? the time之後省略
的是that or when? 關副when也可以省略嗎?

2. I swore that if he spared my father, I would never ask for anything
again.
請問這個句型的結構是 S+ V + that子句 做受詞 或是 S+ V+
that子句做副詞, that子句是complex sentence時, 可以做名詞
子句嗎?
3. I was told that you were late. 句型是 S+V+N嗎?
You are requested to tell us a story. 句型是 S+V+IO+DO嗎?

I am often confused by the various sentence patterns, please help me
explain them. Thank you a lot.

3." I was told that you were late. "
"You are requested to tell us a story. "
以上兩句是由三民"實用英文文法"-被動語態中節錄的句子

Answer 1

1. I wish I could use the time (that) I spend (in) walking home to practice English.

(1)句中 I spend walking home 請問是形容詞子句嗎?
是的.
我希望能[利用我花在走路回家的時間]練習英文.

(2)the time之後省略的是that or when?
省略的是that, 也可以用which. 但不能用when.

在這裡不要被[time]這個字迷惑了. 你可以把它當成一般的名詞(money, books,...). 因為其角色是在後面的形容詞子句中當動詞spend的受詞.

下面這個句子就要用when:
I wish I could practice English during the time when I walk home.
我希望能[在我走路回家的時候]練習英文.
time的角色是在後面的形容詞子句中當時間副詞.

比較它與原句的差異.

(3)關副when也可以省略嗎?
可以.

省略的方式有:

I finally understood the day when he told me the story.
(關副when引導形容詞子句)
I finally understood the day he told me the story.
(關副when省略)
當那天[他告訴我整個事情的經過]時, 我終於瞭解了.

I finally understood when he told me the story.
(從屬連接詞when引導副詞子句)
當[他告訴我整個事情的經過]時, 我終於瞭解了.

比較:
I finally knew when he would tell me the story.
(疑問副詞when引導名詞子句)
我終於知道[他(在)什麼時候才會告訴我整個事情的經過]了.

2. I swore that if he spared my father, I would never ask for anything again.
(1)請問這個句型的結構是 S+ V + that子句 做受詞, 或是 S+ V+ that子句做副詞?
that子句(名詞子句)做受詞.
(2)that子句是complex sentence時, 可以做名詞子句嗎?
可以.
I think that you have the book which Tom bought when he went to the place where Jane was born.
夠complex了吧? 一樣是that引導的名詞子句.

3. I was told that you were late.
句型是 S+V+N嗎?
句型是 S+V+IO+DO的被動語態.
原來主動語態是: Someone told me(IO) that you were late(DO).

4. You are requested to tell us a story.
句型是 S+V+IO+DO嗎?
是的.(被動語態)
原來主動語態是: Someone requests you(IO) to tell us a story(DO).


2007-05-15 00:14:59 補充：
Hi hobo大大,
今天才看到您的評論:

並無矛盾之處, 因為原句[the time]之後所省略的, 是"關係代名詞", 當spend的受詞. 故"可以用which or that, 但不能用when". [when]就個人所知, 並沒有關係代名詞的功能.

感謝您的評論, 並請指教. ^_^

Answer 2

TO:KEVIN大大

我超喜歡你的講解^^

一目了然，讚啦

Answer 3

Both of you have given me the precious opinions, but they are quite different.
In fact, I still can't know which one is correct. If it is possible, please recommend a good grammar book for me to solve the problem.

Answer 4

你太拘泥於文法的名稱了，這樣是學不好語言的！！

1. I wish I could use the time I spend walking home to practice English.
句中 I spend walking home 請問是形容詞子句嗎? the time之後省略
的是that or when? 關副when也可以省略嗎?

這句話是由兩句話合併：
1. I spend time walking home.
2. I wish I could use the time to practice English
因此也可寫作：
I wish I could use the time (that) I spend (on) walking home to practice English.
"the time"之後省略的是that (代表 time)


2. I swore that if he spared my father, I would never ask for anything
again.
請問這個句型的結構是 S+ V + that子句 做受詞 或是 S+ V+
that子句做副詞, that子句是complex sentence時, 可以做名詞
子句嗎?

這句話是由兩句話合併：
1. I swore.
2. If he spared my father, I would never ask for anything again.
所以 that 子句是連接整個句子，是為受詞


3. I was told that you were late. 句型是 S+V+N嗎?
You are requested to tell us a story. 句型是 S+V+IO+DO嗎?

???不曉得這些是什麼

最後，你的句子也是錯的，可修正為：
I am often confused by various sentence patterns. Please help me
to(或 and) answer these questions. Thank you a lot.

Answer 5

1. I wish I could use the time I spend walking home to practice English.
句中 I spend walking home 請問是形容詞子句嗎? the time之後省略
的是that or when? 關副when也可以省略嗎?

-->是,省略when (= 介詞+關代),在the + N (e.g. time)的情況下,可省略關係副詞(e.g. when)

2. I swore that if he spared my father, I would never ask for anything
again.
請問這個句型的結構是 S+ V + that子句 做受詞 或是 S+ V+
that子句做副詞, that子句是complex sentence時, 可以做名詞
子句嗎?

-->作受詞(= I would never ask for anything again), if he spared my father是副詞子句,可做名詞子句,副詞子句功能同副詞,副詞在文法上可有可無(用途只是延伸語意而已)

3. I was told that you were late. 句型是 S+V+N嗎?
You are requested to tell us a story. 句型是 S+V+IO+DO嗎?
很複雜,很難單以S+V+IO+DO此結構帶過,這裡至少有2個V

2007-04-28 19:08:28 補充：
when 不等於 that, 這裡只能用when,不行用that,因為並不是同位語,是形容詞子句的用法