高三英文指考題 分詞構句

Question

01.Cold-weather surfers perfect their skills by challenging the larger winter waves，unafraid of a little chilly weather.

請問,這明明是兩個句子,為啥中間可以沒連接詞,然後用形容詞unafraid當開頭?這是分詞構句嘛?

02.Australia’s climate and surfing conditions is probably the main reason why his nation has produced some of the world's best and most famous surfer,professionals who have successfully matched their wits against waves as big as houses all around the house.

這冗長的句子,其實我只有一個問題,為啥professionals可以直接加在逗號後面,而不用任何連接詞?

03.About 10~20% of people in the United States get the flu every year, and about 114,000{ } a hospital for complications related to the flu.

此題的空格有兩個選項,(a)are admitted to （b）send to 答案是選a 而不能選b 想知道是為什麼?

Answer 1

1. 這是省略分詞being的分詞片語. 還原過程:
Cold-weather surfers perfect their skills by challenging the larger winter waves, unafraid of a little chilly weather.
Cold-weather surfers perfect their skills by challenging the larger winter waves, being unafraid of a little chilly weather.
Cold-weather surfers perfect their skills by challenging the larger winter waves, because they are unafraid of a little chilly weather.
2. 如果版主確定沒有打錯字的話, 那原句似乎是錯誤的. 有幾種可能:
(A)
Australia's climate and surfing conditions is probably the main reason why his nation has produced some of the world's best and most famous surfer professionals who have successfully matched their wits against waves as big as houses all around the house.
*surfer professionals[職業沖浪選手], who引導形容詞子句修飾[surfer professionals].
(B)
Australia's climate and surfing conditions is probably the main reason why his nation has produced some of the world's best and most famous surfers, professionals who have successfully matched their wits against waves as big as houses all around the house.
*professionals是surfers的同位語, who引導形容詞子句修飾professionals.
3. 本句後半帶有被動的語意.
*第一個選項是[住院], 中文雖然是主動, 英文的說法要根據主詞而變化:
The doctor admitted him to the hospital.
醫師讓他住院.
He was admitted to the hospital last night.
他昨夜住院了.
*[send to]的主動形式並不恰當, 改為[are sent to]比較好, 但是它只表示[被送到醫院], 不見得[住院].