TAS--Comparison of rates of hydrolysis of Halogeno-compounds

Question

1)ethanol + silver nitrate solution + 1-chlorobutane
2)ethanol + silver nitrate solution +1-bromobutane
3)ethanol + silver nitrate solution +2-bromobutane
4)ethanol + silver nitrate solution +2-bromo-2 methylpropane
5)ethanol + silver nitrate solution +bromobenzene
6)ethanol + silver nitrate solution +benzene

-->i wanna ask for the above chemical equations

As my school didn't teach it and I need to do this experiment.
Can anyone help me ?
Thank

Answer 1

In the experiment, the major reaction is the hydrolysis of haloalkanes, i.e. the reactions between haloalkanes and water. The common equation is :
R-X + H2O → R-OH + H+ + X-
Then the halide ions form a precipitate with silver ions in the silver nitrate solution.
Ag+(aq) + X-(aq) → AgX(aq)

Since the miscibility between silver nitrate solution and the haloalkane is low, ethanol is added to increase their miscibility. Therefore, ethanol does not appear in the equations.

(1)
CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl + H2O → CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + H+ + Cl-
Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl

(2)
CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + H2O → CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + H+ + Br-
Ag+ + Br- → AgBr

(3)
CH3CH2CHBrCH3 + H2O →CH3CH2CHOHCH3 + H+ + Br-
Ag+ + Br- → AgBr

(4)
CH3CBr(CH3)CH3 + H2O →CH3C(OH)(CH3)CH3 + H+ + Br-
Ag+ + Br- → AgBr

(5)
C6H5Br + H2O →C6H5OH + H+ + Br-
Ag+ + Br- → AgBr
The reaction is very slow. In most cases, there would be no reaction shown in experiment.

(6)
no reaction

Answer 2

very clear