已知 4NH3(g) + 3O2(g) ------> 2N2(g) + 6H2O(l) delta H = -1536 kJ
N2O(g) + H2(g) -------> N2(g) + H2O(l) delta H = -367.4 kJ
H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) -------> H2O delta H = -285.9 kJ
利用以上條件求出 2NH3(g) + 3N2O ------> 4N2(g) + 3H2O之delta H = ?
P.S. 我計算到的答案是 -1010kJ ,不知道是否正確呢?
2007-02-13 16:47:27 · 2 個解答 · 發問者 Anonymous in 科學 ➔ 化學
在 AL 的 marking schemes 中,若題目不要求繪畫波恩-哈柏循環(Born-Haber cycle),可以使用赫斯定律(Hess’ law)把數條熱力學方程式(thermochemical equations)相加起來,計算所求焓變。這方法較為簡單。
2NH3(g) + (3/2)O2(g) → N2(g) + 3H2O(l) .... ∆H1 = (1/2)(-1536) kJ
3N2O(g) + 3H2(g) → 3N2(g) + 3H2O(l) .. ∆H2 = 3(-367.4) kJ
3H2O(l) → 3H2(g) + (3/2)O2(g) ........................ ∆H3 = (-3)(-285.9) kJ
把以上三條熱力學方程式相加,約去兩邊相同的物質,可得:
2NH3(g) + 3N2O(g) → 4 N2(g) + 3H2O(l) ∆H = ?
∆H = ∆H1 + ∆H2 + ∆H3 = -1012.5 kJ
與你所計算答案相近,差異可能是由於進位的問題。
2007-02-13 18:19:33 · answer #1 · answered by Uncle Michael 7 · 0⤊ 0⤋
首先, 這涉及到 Hess's Law:
The enthalpy change of a chemical reaction is not affected by the path it takes. (By the conservation of energy)
然後再將已知的三個 reaction 記錄如下:
4NH3(g) + 3 O2(g) → 2N2(g) + 6 H2O(l) △H1
N2O(g) + H2(g) → N2(g) + H2O(l) △H2
H2(g) + (1/2)O2(g) → H2O(l) △H3
最後劃出以下的energy cycle (Born-Haber cycle):
圖片參考:http://i117.photobucket.com/albums/o61/billy_hywung/Chem/Hesslaw.jpg
【此圖乃本人自製圖片,未經本人同意勿擅自連結或使用】
在上圖中藍色的為本題所需求出的能量轉變. 根據 Hess's law, 順時針方向 (clockwise direction) 的 enthalpy change 應和逆時針方向 (anti-clockwise) 的 enthalpy change 相同, 所以:
△H = (1/2) × △H1 + 3 × △H2 + 3× △H3
= (1/2) × (-1536) + 3 × (-367.4) + 3 × (-285.9)
= -2727.9 kJ
2007-02-13 17:42:07 · answer #2 · answered by 魏王將張遼 7 · 0⤊ 0⤋