What is a labor camp? Who was put into labor camps?

Question

What is a labor camp? Who was put into labor camps? By whom?
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Answer 1

What is a labor camp?
Labour camp (勞役中心/勞改營)原意是指一些將人非自願/冇自由地禁錮並使令他們作體力勞動工作的一個地方。一般用以對待戰犯、異族或政見不同人士。而營內條件一般都很差，迹近奴隸的待遇。
A labor camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are engaged in penal labor. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons. Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators.
近代史最著名的有幾個勞役中心/勞改營有:

沙俄時期在西伯利亞設置的 katorga，用以處罰罪犯。
史太林年代蘇聯的 katorga (勞改營)，有數以百萬人計，入去八成的人都在營中死亡。
偉大祖國於大清算時期，劉少奇與鄧小平也曾入住。
日本WWII時期在侵略地建立無數的勞役中心。
纳粹德國對付猶太人及prisoners of war 的Arbeitslager 。
Labour Camp 不一定是勞改，勞改有「改」 (correction) 的意義，而有些 labour camp 主要目的是提供幾乎無成本的勞動力及折磨受囚禁的人，亦為戰爭罪行的一種。
Who was put into labor camps?
Politicans, criminals, prisoners of war (POW), dissentients, civilians of the invaded countries, etc.
By whom?
By the ruling governments, communist parties or other authoritarian countries, invaders, judicial courts etc.

Answer 2

labor camp中文可譯作勞改營
勞改營是一些比較封閉的國家囚禁罪犯(他們認為，這包政治犯），希望藉著勞動而改變他們錯誤的思想。