有關文章文法的解析,望大師解答

Question

1.As world population grows, is a greater percentage of the population living in poverty?
Q:此句是否是相同於 Is a greater percentage of the population living in povertyas world population grows? 兩句寫法有何不同之處嗎?

2.Well, it depends on how you define it, of course. But, extreme poverty, the kind of poverty that puts people at risk of dying every day, affects about one out of every six on the planet.
Q:可否寫成 But, extreme poverty,which is the kind of poverty, puts people at risk of dying every day, affects about one out of every six on the planet. 另外,''affect''前面是否有省略''and''呢

3.And that proportion has not been coming down in Africa, a region of rapid population growth, utterly extreme duress and very little economic progress.
Q:''utterly''前是否省略了which is呢?

Answer 1

1.As world population grows, is a greater percentage of the population living in poverty?
Q:此句是否是相同於 Is a greater percentage of the population living in poverty as world population grows? 兩句寫法有何不同之處嗎?
Ans:
兩句寫法當然有不同之處啊，一個寫主要子句前，ㄧ個寫後。
你要問的應該是意思有無不同之處吧？答案是沒有！
此句的as引導副詞子句，而副詞子句在英文句法中的位置通常是可以移動的：
The phone rang when he locked the door.
= When he locked the door, the phone rang.
此二句並無不同之處。

2.Well, it depends on how you define it, of course. But, extreme poverty, the kind of poverty that puts people at risk of dying every day, affects about one out of every six on the planet.
Q:可否寫成 But, extreme poverty,which is the kind of poverty, puts people at risk of dying every day, affects about one out of every six on the planet. 另外,''affect''前面是否有省略''and''呢
Ans：
這句話的動詞只有一個，不會需要對等連接詞and。
這句結構為：
But, extreme poverty (主詞), the kind of poverty (為主詞的同位語) that puts people at risk of dying every day (that引導形容詞子句修飾the kind of poverty), affects (動詞：此處的動詞並不是跟前面形容詞子句的puts做對應，所以affects前並不需要and) about one out of every six on the planet.

3.And that proportion has not been coming down in Africa, a region of rapid population growth, utterly extreme duress and very little economic progress.
Q:''utterly''前是否省略了which is呢?
Ans：
一樣看結構：
And that proportion (主詞) has not been coming down (動詞) in Africa, a region (此為Africa的同位語) of (受詞1) rapid population growth, (受詞2) utterly extreme duress and (受詞3) very little economic progress (of後所引導的是介係詞片語；of後的受詞有三個，分別標明如上).
簡略來看，從同位語後，結構就是：a region of A, B, and C(是一個具有A, B跟C三種特質的地方)。
故這句話是沒有which is被省略的問題的。

Answer 2

1. As world population grows, is a greater percentage of the population living in poverty? 和 Is a greater percentage of the population living in poverty as world population grows?
這兩個句子，句法結構相同，只是一個將subordinate clause(附屬子句)置於句首，另一個則是置於句末。但是因為main clause (主要句子)是一個疑問句，就句法修辭來說，還是把附屬子句置於句首較為恰當。


2. Well, it depends on how you define it, of course. But, extreme poverty, the kind of poverty that puts people at risk of dying every day, affects about one out of every six on the planet.
這一句子應該沒有問題，不用加and在affects 之前，因為這個句子正確。extreme poverty 是主詞，後面的the kind of poverty that puts people at risk of dying every day是它的同位語，結構雷同My mother, Mary, went shopping.

3. And that proportion has not been coming down in Africa, a region of rapid population growth, utterly extreme duress and very little economic progress.
如果再 utterly 前方加上which is 句法上應該行得通，但是，這文章出處是一個訪談，口語語法都採較為簡略的形式。