英文 關係代名詞的相關文法問題

Question

今天早上遲到的男孩是Peter。
--->The boy who was late this morning is Peter.
請問：
為何句中的"who was"可以省略變成The boy late this morning is Peter.呢？

關係子句中的who/which/that不是要當受詞時才能省略嗎？但句中的who加在was的前面，應該是主詞，不能省略呀...

謝謝Big Brother的回答，就如您所說的，關係子句可以變成分詞片語，介係詞片語。例如 who has 可以變成 having。但請問，在關係子句中who當主詞時，若要省略who則後面的單字就要做變化，但在發問的問題中，The boy who was late this morning is Peter. 的who was可以直接省略並且不做任何變化，請問為什麼呢？

Answer 1

這個問題我覺得要倒過來說明, 或許會有較為完整的概念:
(一)
形容詞的用法分為限定用法與敘述用法兩種. 有些兼具兩種, 有些只具其中之一, 有些雖具兩種, 但意義不同.
This is a small apple. (O) <限定用法>
This apple is small. (O) <敘述用法>
The little girl is afraid. (O)
This is an afraid girl. (X)
It is a live fish. (O) <活魚>
This fish is live. (X)
The boy was late for school. (O)
He was a late student. (X)
He likes to take a walk at late night. (O) <深夜>
(二)
當我們要形容一個名詞, 而所用的敘述語中又含有動詞的成分時, 怎麼辦? 用動狀詞, 包括不定詞, 分詞, 以及動名詞三種.
I don't have any book to read. <可"讀"的書> (不定詞) (A)
A running dog was hit by a car. <在"跑"的狗> (現在分詞) (B)
Be careful with the broken glass. <"(被打)破掉"的玻璃杯> (過去分詞) (C)
They are talking in the dining room. <(吃)飯廳> (動名詞) (D)
(三)
動狀詞本身因為有動詞的含意, 所以它也像動詞一樣, 可以有受詞, 受詞補語, 或其他用來修飾動詞的元素. 加上這些之後, 就成為動狀詞片語, 如果要用來修飾一個名詞, 就必須放在名詞之後.
I would like to have a pen to write a letter with. <寫信的筆> (E)
A dog running on the street was hit by a car. <在馬路上跑的狗> (F)
Be careful with the glass broken by the kid just now. <被小孩打破的玻璃杯> (G)
那如果是 be 動詞呢?
The boy being late this morning is Peter. <(是)遲到的男孩> (H)
這用於敘述用法的形容詞, 如果該形容詞可以有限定用法, 那就不用 being, 直接放在名詞前:
The beautiful girl there is Mary.
The girl being beautiful there is Mary. (X)
*這樣的用法(being)雖然在某本重量級的文法書上說不可以, 但的確有外國人這樣用.
實際例子
(四)
如果用一整個句子來表達動狀詞片語所含有的語意, 除了用對等連接詞之外, 就必須以關係代名詞所引導的一個形容詞子句來達成這個目的.
(A)= I don't have any book, and I want to read.
= I don't have any book that I can read.
(B)= A dog was running, and it was hit by a car.
= A dog, which was running, was hit by a car.
(C)= Be careful with the glass, and it is broken.
= Be careful with the glass which is broken.
(D)= They are talking in the room, and we usually dine in the room.
= They are talking in the room which we usually dine in.


2006-12-24 13:01:17 補充：
(E)= I would like to have a pen, and I can write a letter with the pen.
= I would like to have a pen that I can write a letter with.
(F)= A dog was running on the street, and it was hit by a car.
= A dog that was running on the street was hit by a car.

2006-12-24 13:02:10 補充：
(G) Be careful with the glass, and the glass was broken by the kid just now.
= Be careful with the glass which was broken by the kid just now.

2006-12-24 13:02:26 補充：
(H)= The boy is Peter, and he was late this morning.
=The boy who was late this morning is Peter.
The boy late this morning is Peter. (X)
The late boy this morning is Peter. (X)

2006-12-24 13:02:47 補充：
(五)
結論是: 動狀詞片語和關係代名詞所引導的一個形容詞子句可以表示同樣的語意, 但是應該用整體性的架構來看待彼此之間的轉換, 不宜單純地用"省略這個省略那個"的觀念來解釋, 否則容易陷入迷思. (文法書上有更詳細的內容可以參考)

2006-12-24 13:03:11 補充：
(六)
附帶一提, 有關關係子句及分詞片語的 "限定用法" 與 "非限定用法", 除了語意上的差距, 其不同處就只是 "逗號" 的有無而已. 也就是說:限定用法一定不能用逗號; 用了逗號, 就是非限定用法.

Answer 2

不管在主詞或受詞的位置都可以省略
主詞位置
The girl who is dancing with my brother is my classmate.
who在子句中是主詞(the girl is dancing with my brother)
去掉連接詞
去掉be動詞,如果沒有be動詞把普通動詞改成ing
The girl, dancing with my brother, is my classmate.
標點符號
省略後的子句都應用逗號標示,不管是限定用法或是非限定用法
但是現在很少人遵循這規則
受詞位置
The girl who(m) my brother danced with is my classmate.
who(m)在子句中是受詞位置(my brother danced with the girl)
去掉連接詞
The girl my brother danced with is my classmate.
在這裡不加逗號
只有在非限定用法時,不可省略
The girl, who(m) my brother danced with, is my classmate.
錯誤The girl, my brother danced with, is my classmate.

之前也有其他網友問了類似的問題
回答中,某些觀念並不正確
再這補充一些
詞態上
子句裡的動詞,在子句被省略後,已無法表現出詞態(現在式或過去式)
它只表現出主動或被動
比較以下的句子
The girl who is dancing with my brother is my classmate.
The girl who was dancing with my brother is my classmate.
The girl who danced with my brother is my classmate.
省略之後都是
The girl, dancing with my brother, is my classmate.
dancing表示主動而非進行或現在式
被動
The girl who is shocked by a car accident is my classmate.
The girl who was shocked by a car accident is my classmate.
省略之後
The girl, shocked by a car accident, is my classmate.
Shocked在這表示被動而不是過去式

2006-12-25 05:06:54 補充：
因為子句裡只有be動詞所以不用變化(被省略後也沒有辦法變化了)
這句應有逗號分隔
The boy, late this morning, is Peter.
你也可以當它是同位語(appositive)
The boy is a student. The boy is Peter.
The boy who is a student is Peter.
The boy, a student, is Peter. 同位語(appositive)
不要把be動詞改ing,意思就不同了
The boy, being late this morning, is Peter.

Answer 3

很多情況如果關代只是接形容詞的話通常可以省略.
如The girl who is beautiful is my sister.
其實可以變成The girl beautiful is my sister.
然後又變成The beautiful girl is my sister.