我想知元素既出處

Question

呀sir比我地既考試tips, 有資料題關於呢個
所以愈多imformation愈好, 當然要針對番個問題la~~~
thx!!!

Answer 1

目前我們已經確定並命名的元素有一百零九種，其中有二十來個是 1937 年以後科學家在實驗室中以人工方法製造出來的，真正在地球上天然存在的只有八十八種。而這些天然元素的發現過程真是多彩多姿，五花八門，有的是在遠古時代就被人類熟知並利用的，像金﹑銀﹑銅﹑鐵﹑錫﹑鉛﹑汞等金屬及碳﹑硫等非金屬。有些是中世紀的鍊金術士在經年累月的摸索中所獲得的，像砷﹑磷﹑銻﹑鉍等。

十八世紀初葉化學開始萌芽，以真正的實驗技術發現了鋅﹑鉑﹑鈷﹑鎳等。十八世紀中葉以後，由於經驗的累積以及有系統的分析與整理，化學得以迅速發展，發現了許多重要元素，如氫﹑氮﹑氧﹑氯等氣體以及包括錳﹑鎢﹑鈾﹑鈦﹑鈹﹑鉻﹑鋨﹑銥等的約十八種金屬。進入十九世紀以後，由於 1800 年伏打電池的發明，開啟了電化學時代，科學家以電解法製得了鉀﹑鈉﹑鎂﹑鈣﹑鍶﹑鋇以及鋁等活性金屬，這期間另有像鋰﹑硼﹑溴﹑碘﹑矽﹑鎘 ．氟等十三種元素在歐洲各地陸續出爐。總計到 1850 年止，人類已知的元素一共有 59 種。

1860 年代，光譜學興起，靠著分光器的發明，科學家又發現了銫﹑銣﹑鉈﹑銦﹑鎵等五個元素，並預言了氦的存在。這些地殼中含量甚少的元素，如用平常化學上的礦物分析法，恐怕永遠不會被發現。


元素符號的表示法：每一種元素都有一個符號，元素符號都是各元素拉丁文名的第一字，以印刷體大寫表示。如有兩種以上的元素名第一字相同時，則在大寫的第一字後面另加一小寫的字來識別。

例：碳的元素符號為C，鈣的元素符號為Ca，氯的元素符號為Cl。

2.元素命名：除古代已知元素依原來之命名外，其餘均配合元素的性質或西文讀音來命名。

例：「氫」表示其係最「輕」的氣體，「氯」表示「黃綠」色的氣體，「鈉」讀如「納」因為拉丁文第一音節的讀音就是「納」。

3.中文命名的規則：

(1)元素名稱各以一個字表示。

(2)固體元素：金屬元素從“金”，例：銅、銀等；非金屬元素從“石”，例：碳、硫等。

(3)液體元素：唯一的液態金屬為汞，唯一的液態非金屬為溴，均從“水”或「シ」。

(4)氣體元素：均為非金屬元素，從“气”，例：氫、氧等。


希望幫到你~~

Answer 2

以下三個有關週期表的網頁，在點選某一元素後都有一些關於該元素的資料顯示。前兩個網頁是英文的，最後一個是中文簡體的，希望可以幫到你。

http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/pertable_fla.htm

http://www.webelements.com/webelements/scholar/

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8

Answer 3

Chemical element

The periodic table of the chemical elementsA chemical element, often called simply an element, is a substance that cannot be decomposed or transformed into other chemical substances by ordinary chemical processes. All matter consists of these elements and as of 2006, 117 unique elements have been discovered or artificially created. The smallest particle of such an element is an atom, which consists of electrons centered about a nucleus of protons and neutrons.

Chemistry terminology

Earlier an element or pure element was defined as a substance which "can't be further broken down into another compound with different chemical properties"—which should be taken to mean it consists of atoms of one element. However, because of allotropy, the isotope effect, and the confusion with the more useful term referring to the general class of atoms (irrespective of what compound it may be in), this usage is in disfavor amongst contemporary chemists, and sees restricted, mostly historical, use. This definition was motivated by the observation that these elements could not be dissociated by chemical means into other compounds. For example, water could be converted into hydrogen and oxygen, but hydrogen and oxygen could not be further decomposed, thus "elemental".

Description

The lightest elements are hydrogen and helium. All the heavier elements are made, both naturally and artificially, through various methods of nucleosynthesis. As of 2006, there are 117 known elements: 94 occur naturally on Earth (six in trace quantities: technetium, atomic number 43; promethium, atomic number 61; astatine, atomic number 85; francium, atomic number 87; neptunium, atomic number 93; and plutonium, atomic number 94) and 95 (including californium) have been detected in the universe at large. The 23 elements not found on earth are derived artificially; technetium was the first purportedly non-naturally occurring element to be synthesized, in 1937, although trace amounts of technetium have since been found in nature, and the element may have been discovered naturally in 1925. All artificially derived elements are radioactive with short half-lives, so if any atoms of these elements were present at the formation of Earth they are extremely likely to have already decayed.

Nomenclature

The current system of chemical notation was invented by Berzelius. In this typographical system chemical symbols are not used as mere abbreviations - though each consists of letters of the Latin alphabet - they are symbols intended to be used by peoples of all languages and alphabets. The first of these symbols were intended to be fully universal; since Latin was the common language of science at that time, they were abbreviations based on the Latin names of metals - Fe comes from Ferrum, Ag from Argentum. The symbols were not followed by a period (full stop) as abbreviations were. Later chemical elements were also assigned unique chemical symbols, based on the name of the element, but not necessarily in English. For example, sodium has the chemical symbol 'Na' after the Latin natrium. The same applies to "W" (wolfram) for tungsten, "Hg" (hydrargyrum) for mercury, "K" (kalium) for potassium, and "Sb" (stibium) for antimony.

Recently discovered elements

Element 118, Ununoctium, the heaviest element found to date, was successfully created/synthesized (synonymous in this context) on October 9, 2006, by the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions in Dubna, Russia[1]

Element 117, Ununseptium, is yet to be created or discovered, although its place in the periodic table is preestablished, and likewise for possible elements beyond 118.

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