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還要計算通解才選最佳答案
1. (6x^2)y+12xy+y^2+(6x^2+2y)y'=0 求積分因子和通解
2. 4xy+6y^2+(2x^2+6xy)y'=0 求積分因子和通解
3. 2((y^3)-2)+3xy^2y'=0 ; y(3)=1 求積分因子和通解和初值問題之解
4. y(1+x)+2xy'=0 ; y(4)=6 求積分因子和通解和初值問題之解
5. 2xy+3y'=0 ; y(0)=4 求積分因子和通解和初值問題之解

請計算整個過程3q

2006-10-26 13:30:15 · 2 個解答 · 發問者 eric 7 in 教育與參考 考試

2 個解答

1. 6x2y + 12xy + y2 + ( 6x2 + 2y ) y' = 0sol:  原式移項得:( 6x2y + 12xy + y2 )dx + ( 6x2 + 2y )dy = 0  令 M( x , y ) = 6x2y + 12xy + y2     N( x , y ) = 6x2 + 2y  ( ∂M/∂y ) = 6x2 + 12x + 2y  ( ∂N/∂x ) = 12x  ( ∂M/∂y ) ≠ ( ∂N/∂x ) → 非正合,找積分因子  ƒ(x) = [ ( ∂M/∂y ) - ( ∂N/∂x ) ]/N      = ( 6x2 + 2y )/( 6x2 + 2y )      = 1  積分因子:I(x) = e∫ƒdx = ex  將積分因子乘入 D.E. → IMdx + INdy = 0  → ( 6x2exy + 12xexy + y2ex )dx + ( 6x2ex + 2yex )dy = 0  令 P( x , y ) = 6x2exy + 12xexy + y2ex     Q( x , y ) = 6x2ex + 2yex  ( ∂P/∂y ) = 6x2ex + 12xex + 2yex  ( ∂Q/∂x ) = 12xex + 6x2ex + 2yex  ( ∂P/∂y ) = ( ∂Q/∂x ) → 正合 ( exact )  F =∫Qdy + c(x) =∫( 6x2ex + 2yex )dy + c(x)   = 6x2exy + y2ex + c(x)  ( ∂F/∂x ) = P  → 12xexy + 6x2exy + y2ex + c'(x) = 6x2exy + 12xexy + y2ex  → c'(x) = 0 → c(x) = 0  → 6x2exy + y2ex = C #**4. y( 1 + x ) + 2xy' = 0,y(4) = 6sol:  原式移項得:y( 1 + x )dx + 2xdy = 0  令 M( x , y ) = y( 1 + x )     N( x , y ) = 2x  ( ∂M/∂y ) = 1 + x  ( ∂N/∂x ) = 2  ( ∂M/∂y ) ≠ ( ∂N/∂x ) → 非正合,找積分因子  ƒ(x) = [ ( ∂M/∂y ) - ( ∂N/∂x ) ]/N      = ( x - 1 )/2x      = ( 1/2 ) - ( 1/2x )  積分因子:I(x) = e∫ƒdx = e∫[ ( 1/2 ) - ( 1/2x ) ]dx           = e ( x/2 ) e ( - 1/2 ) ln│x│           = e ( x/2 ) x ( - 1/2 )  將積分因子乘入 D.E. → IMdx + INdy = 0  → y [ e ( x/2 ) x ( - 1/2 ) + e ( x/2 ) x ( 1/2 ) ]dx + 2e ( x/2 ) x ( 1/2 )dy = 0  令 P( x , y ) = y [ e ( x/2 ) x ( - 1/2 ) + e ( x/2 ) x ( 1/2 ) ]    Q( x , y ) = 2e ( x/2 ) x ( 1/2 )  ( ∂P/∂y ) = e ( x/2 ) x ( - 1/2 ) + e ( x/2 ) x ( 1/2 )  ( ∂Q/∂x ) = e ( x/2 ) x ( 1/2 ) + e ( x/2 ) x ( - 1/2 )  ( ∂P/∂y ) = ( ∂Q/∂x ) → 正合 ( exact )  F =∫Qdy + c(x) =∫2e ( x/2 ) x ( 1/2 )dy + c(x)   = 2ye ( x/2 ) x ( 1/2 ) + c(x)  ( ∂F/∂x ) = P  → ye ( x/2 ) x ( - 1/2 ) + ye ( x/2 ) x ( 1/2 ) + c'(x) = y [ e ( x/2 ) x ( - 1/2 ) + e ( x/2 ) x ( 1/2 ) ]  → c'(x) = 0 → c(x) = 0  → 2ye ( x/2 ) x ( 1/2 ) = C  y(4) = 6 → x = 4 , y = 6  → C = 24e2  → 2ye ( x/2 ) x ( 1/2 ) = 24e2 #*5. 2xy + 3y' = 0 , y(0) = 4sol:  原式移項得:2xydx + 3dy = 0  令 M( x , y ) = 2xy    N( x , y ) = 3  ( ∂M/∂y ) = 2x  ( ∂N/∂x ) = 0  ( ∂M/∂y ) ≠ ( ∂N/∂x ) → 非正合,找積分因子  ƒ(x) = [ ( ∂M/∂y ) - ( ∂N/∂x ) ]/N      = ( 2x/3 )  積分因子:I(x) = e∫ƒdx = e∫( 2x/3 )dx = exp( x2/3 )  將積分因子乘入 D.E. → IMdx + INdy = 0  → 2xy exp( x2/3 )dx + 3 exp( x2/3 )dy = 0  令 P( x , y ) = 2xy exp( x2/3 )    Q( x , y ) = 3 exp( x2/3 )  ( ∂P/∂y ) = 2x exp( x2/3 )  ( ∂Q/∂x ) = 2x exp( x2/3 )  ( ∂P/∂y ) = ( ∂Q/∂x ) → 正合 ( exact )  F =∫Qdy + c(x) =∫3 exp( x2/3 )dy + c(x)   = 3y exp( x2/3 ) + c(x)  ( ∂F/∂x ) = P  → 2xy exp( x2/3 ) + c'(x) = 2xy exp( x2/3 )  → c'(x) = 0 → c(x) = 0  → 3y exp( x2/3 ) = C  y(0) = 4 → x = 0 , y = 4  → C = 12  → 3y exp( x2/3 ) = 12 #*  因為回答內容會超過兩千字,系統不給 PO 文,而我第 2.、3. 算到一半又算不出來,所以把第 2.、3. 的計算過程刪除,抱歉囉!希望以上回答能幫助您。

2006-10-26 19:49:22 · answer #1 · answered by 龍昊 7 · 0 0

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2014-11-12 14:33:21 · answer #2 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

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