關於壓力因應（coping）的英文文章翻譯

Question

請協助翻譯下面文章，coping 為因應：
Coping as conscious,volitional efforts to regulate one\'s cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and physiological responses to stress and the stressful aspects of the environment. From this perspective, coping is subset of broader category of self-regulatory processes. Within our conceptual model, coping responses are distinguished as involving engagement with or disengagement from the source of stress and one\'s emotional reactions to the stressor. Engagement coping is further distinguished as reflecting efforts directed at primary control(problem solving, emotional regulation) ,or secondary control (acceptance, positive thinking) . Disengagement coping inncludes several subtypes as well(e.g avoidance,wishful thinking,denial)but is not further distinguished based on control motivation.
Coping strategies involving primary control engagement with the stressful aspect of breast cancer or one\'s emotions have been found to predict better emotional adjustment to breast cancer. Conversely, coping strategies involving disengagement from the stressor or one\'s emotions predict poorer adjustment.

Answer 1

Coping as conscious, volitional efforts to regulate one's cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and physiological responses to stress and the stressful aspects of the environment."應對"是一種下意識的，自願性的動作，用以規範一個人在對面對壓力以及環境中壓力面向所做出在認知、行為、情緒以及心理上的反應。From this perspective, coping is subset of broader category of self-regulatory processes.從這個觀點看來，"應對"是自我規範過程中這個大範疇中的一個部分。Within our conceptual model, coping responses are distinguished as involving engagement with or disengagement from the source of stress and one's emotional reactions to the stressor.在我們的概念模型中，"應對"可分為對壓力源及個人情緒反應的積極正面的努力以及消極負面的逃避。Engagement coping is further distinguished as reflecting efforts directed at primary control(problem solving, emotional regulation), or secondary control (acceptance, positive thinking).積極努力的"應對"又可根據反應的強度再細分為初級控制應對 (解決問題，情緒管理) 及次級控制應對 (壓力適應性，正面思考)。Disengagement coping includes several subtypes as well(e.g avoidance, wishful thinking, denial)but is not further distinguished based on control motivation.消極逃避的"應對"亦可分成數個類別，像逃避、一廂情願的想法、拒絕接受等，但並非更進一步地以控制動機來細分。Coping strategies involving primary control engagement with the stressful aspect of breast cancer or one's emotions have been found to predict better emotional adjustment to breast cancer.研究結果認為，初級控制的應對策略在針對乳癌患者的壓力及情緒上，有較好的調整能力。Conversely, coping strategies involving disengagement from the stressor or one's emotions predict poorer adjustment. 相反地，消極逃避式的應對策略應用在壓力源及患者情緒上有較差的調整能力。

Answer 2

參考下面的網址看看

http://phi008780508.pixnet.net/blog

Answer 3

追捕當時有意識，意志努力調節一個人認識，行為，感情，以及要強調的生理回應和那些緊張方面的那些環境的。 從這個視角中，追捕是規章自我的過程的更寬的種類的子集。 在我們的概念的模型內，追捕回應被作為與由於壓力的來源和一個人對stressor的感情回應的約會或者從壓力的來源和一個人對stressor的感情回應的分離有關區分。 約會追捕更進一步卓越象反映出努力的那樣在主要控制指導 (問題解決， 感情規章)， 或者第二控制 (接受， 積極樂觀的想法)。 (e.g 避免，如意想法，否定)的追捕inncludes幾子類型也的分離基于控制動力不更遠卓越是。 追捕策略用乳腺癌或者一個人的情感的緊張的方面與主要控制約會有關已經被發現對乳腺癌預言更好的情緒適應。 從stressor或者一個人的情感中與有關分離的相反，追捕策略預言更不良的調整。